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Svatováclavské písně v české barokní literatuře

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Ivánek J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

2011

vol. 59

issue 1

1-26

This essay discusses Saint Wenceslas songs as a genre. These songs appeared in publications from the end of the sixteenth century to the early nineteenth. The author first considers the ‘life’ of the old Czech chorale, ‘Svatý Václave, vévodo české země’ (Saint Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia), which remained important even in the Baroque period and functioned as prototype of the nascent hymns of intercession. In these, the most frequent, Wenceslas is portrayed as a strong ruler, warrior, and patron. A self-evident component of the songs is the narrative (the narrative song and the eulogistic narrative anthem), which often presents a distinctive picture of Wenceslas as an ascetic who is sometimes even feminized or sentimentalized. The most ambitious Wenceslas songs are contemplative. Few from this period exist and the essay analyses the most remarkable of them, ‘Kam pospícháš choti Krista?’ (Whither Dost Thou Hasten, Bride of Christ?), in its original, contemplative form, and also discusses its transformation into another genre in augmented, later versions.

Země dobrá, to jest země Česká (1754), bible a rakouská monarchie

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Vintr J.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

2007

vol. 130

issue 1-2

89-105

This patriotic publication from the era of Maria Theresia (and thus from the period before the beginning of the Czech National Revival) celebrates important men, saints and incidents in Czech history in unexpectedly vivid Czech. At the same time, it emphasizes the loyalty of the Czech nation to the Austrian monarchy and the Catholic Church. This paper is an attempt to clarify the question of the author and purpose of this anonymous work, which has not yet been solved. Neither A. Stich's study on the subject (1981) nor the re-edition of 'Zeme dobrá' (1998) was able to give a definitive answer. However, A. Stich assigns the authorship of this work to monks of the Benedictine order and names the prelate and historian Josef Bonaventura Piter (1708-1764) as the probable author. Our analysis of the numerous Biblical quotations in 'Zeme dobrá' shows that the majority of them were taken over from the Catholic Czech translation of the 'Vulgata', the so-called 'Bible svatováclavská' (1677-1715). Some other passages - especially those that were paraphrased more freely - suggest that the publications by the Baroque Czech historian J. F. Beckovský (1658-1725) might have been used. Surprising is the presence of the holy Five brethren, Benedictine martyrs in Poland, among the national patron saints in the book's dedication, as well as our discovery that the long introductory quotation from the Bible is the passage of the Epistle that was read on their religious holiday. This is a clear, but at the same time a hidden indication of the importance of their cult and also of Benedictine environment, from which this publication emerged. J. B. Piter was an ardent admirer of those martyrs himself. The book 'Zeme dobrá' also played a certain role at the imperial court in Vienna. A copy was found in the private library of the emperor Joseph II. (who partially knew Czech) with his personal signature and traces of his reading of certain passages. Piter stayed in Vienna in the 1750s and was in contact with the imperial dynasty through the court archivist Theodor Anton Taulow von Rosenthal. He might have given the book 'Zeme dobrá' to Maria Theresia during an audience, as a present for the successor to the throne archduke Joseph. As a publication, it was probably originally intended to support the self-confidence of the Czech nation and its loyalty to the Austrian monarchy in the time of war with Prussia.

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1 Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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1 Ivánek J.

1 Vintr J.

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Svatováclavské písně v české barokní literatuře

Země dobrá, to jest země Česká (1754), bible a rakouská monarchie