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AThe essay comments on attitudes of Karel Kramar and Tomas G. Masaryk on the Russian issue and is based on their mutual correspondence. It concentrates on a collection of letters written in 1919. It follows Kramar's and Tomas G. Masaryk's opinions on solving the critical situation in Russia after 1917 and elaborates on their ideological confrontation regarding the first Czechoslovak Prime Minister's proposals to conduct a military operation against the Bolsheviks. Kramar had been a leading supporter of the Slavs' mutual collaboration under Russian guidance before 1914. He did not forsake the ideal of all-Slavism even when the new conditions of the First Czechoslovak Republic were established. He followed it with a fight against Bolshevism and a programme for creating a 'new' Russian democratic power. Masaryk was sober and more inclined to compromise in his viewpoints. He did not regard the conception of Slavs' mutuality as realistic. He argued with Kramar's scheme to engage in a 'Czechoslovak' military campaign and preferred an allied intervention. The factual aspects made him withdraw from any assisting action and accept the Russian state of affairs, although he opposed official negotiations with the Soviet power and remained a committed opponent of the Moscow government.
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