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1

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF SLOVAKIA FROM AUGUST 1968 TO APRIL 1969

100%
Sikora S.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue suppl. issue
129 – 152
EN
The study considers the development in the leadership of the Communist Party of Slovakia, a regional organization of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from the occupation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic by the armies of the Warsaw pact and the extraordinary congress of the CPS at the end of August 1968 until the appointment of its leading representative G. Husák to the function of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC in mid April 1969. In this period, the leadership of the CPS underwent a turbulent political development from an exemplary reformist communist body with the potential to continue the reforms at least to a limited degree, into a united bloc of Husák’s realists, who had the ambition to extend the Normalization process to the whole CPC. Apart from the objective international and internal political situation, this change was also strongly influenced by the high political ambitions of G. Husák, who showed his true face in this period, as a pragmatic political utilitarian, although, paradoxically, he had stood at the head of the reformist communists in the CPS from January to August 1968.
2

VARIANTY „BRANNÉHO SYSTÉMU“ ČSSR (1960 – 1989). MODEL „BRANNÉHO SYSTÉMU“ ČSSR V 60. ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA (II. ČASŤ)

88%
Púčik M.
Vojenská história
|
2021
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
77 - 109
EN
The study "Variants of the Defence System of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the years 1960 to 1989 and the specifics of Slovakia" is chronologically divided into four parts. The first part points out the basic factors of geostrategic and geopolitical nature, which influenced the individual variants of the "Defence System". The other three parts address the issue of this system in the 60s, 70s, and 80s of the last century. They point out the characteristics of the individual models of the "Defence System", the problems of the solving teams and the inadequate interventions of the party centre of power. The models approved at the time responded not only to changes in the external security environment, but also to the artificially created ideological, so-called internal enemy. The study points to the key role of the military in these systems and the extremely wide range of tasks that other elements had to perform, such as the Civil Defence, the Interior Ministry and national committees at all levels. Extraordinary security measures in the years 1969-1989, which were among the repressive measures of the totalitarian regime in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, also became part of the "Defence System". These were developed to eliminate any form of resistance. The study also focuses on the specifics of Slovak conditions and points to the tasks of the Eastern Military District, which had to be fulfilled in preparation for the expected scenario of a war conflict. At the same time, this military district had to be prepared to eliminate the so-called internal enemy. During the period of normalization, the influence of the Communist Party in the "Defence System" was significantly strengthened.
3

VARIANTY „BRANNÉHO SYSTÉMU“ ČSSR (1960 – 1989). GEOPOLITICKÝ A GEOSTRATEGICKÝ FAKTOR „BRANNÉHO SYSTÉMU“ ČSSR (I. ČASŤ)

88%
Púčik M.
Vojenská história
|
2021
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
76 - 103
EN
The study "Variants of the defence system of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the years 1960 to 1989 and the specifics of Slovakia" is chronologically divided into four parts. The first part points out the basic factors of geostrategic and geopolitical nature, which influenced the individual variants of the "Defence System". The other three parts address the issue of this system in the 60s, 70s, and 80s of the last century. They point out the characteristics of the individual models of the "Defence System", the problems of the solving teams and the inadequate interventions of the party centre of power. The models approved at the time responded not only to changes in the external security environment, but also to the artificially created ideological, so-called internal enemy. The study points to the key role of the military in these systems and the extremely wide range of tasks that other elements had to perform, such as the Civil Defence, the Interior Ministry and national committees at all levels. Extraordinary security measures in the years 1969-1989, which were among the repressive measures of the totalitarian regime in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, also became part of the "Defence System". These were developed to eliminate any form of resistance. The study also focuses on the specifics of Slovak conditions and points to the tasks of the Eastern Military District, which had to be fulfilled in preparation for the expected scenario of a war conflict. At the same time, this military district had to be prepared to eliminate the so-called internal enemy. During the period of normalization, the influence of the Communist Party in the "Defence System" was significantly strengthened.
4

VÝVOJ VO VEDENÍ KOMUNISTICKEJ STRANY SLOVENSKA OD AUGUSTA 1968 DO APRÍLA 1969

75%
Sikora S.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 2
235 – 256
EN
The study considers the development in the leadership of the Communist Party of Slovakia, a regional organization of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from the occupation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic by the armies of the Warsaw pact and the extraordinary congress of the CPS at the end of August 1968 until the appointment of its leading representative G. Husák to the function of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC in mid April 1969. In this period, the leadership of the CPS underwent a turbulent political development from an exemplary reformist communist body with the potential to continue the reforms at least to a limited degree, into a united bloc of Husák’s realists, who had the ambition to extend the Normalization process to the whole CPC. Apart from the objective international and internal political situation, this change was also strongly influenced by the high political ambitions of G. Husák, who showed his true face in this period, as a pragmatic political utilitarian, although, paradoxically, he had stood at the head of the reformist communists in the CPS from January to August 1968.
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