Search results - CEJSH

1

Aktivizace jugoslávských informbyrovců v Československu v důsledku krize roku 1968

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Vojtechovsky O.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2007

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vol. 32

149-165

EN

The Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in August 1968 brought out again the hopes of Yugoslav pro-Soviet emigrants in countries of the eastern bloc concerning the opening of the Yugoslav issue. Main proponents of the Prague Informbyro group were very critical to the development during the Prague Spring; hence they mostly welcomed the entering of the armies of the Warsaw Pact. The sudden worsening of Soviet-Yugoslav relations, the weakened international position of Yugoslavia and the internal crisis in that country did not rule out a similar solution as in Czechoslovakia. As a result, the core of activists of the Prague group together with the proponents of Informbyro in other countries of the socialist bloc directed their activities at the beginning of the 1970s towards the restoration of their political activities. The study attempts to map these activities and the opinions held by leading Yugoslav emigrants with the use of sources mainly from the archives of intelligence services.

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ACADEMIC INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAM IN COMMUNIST CZECHOSLOVAKIA: RUDOLF MACÚCH, KAREL PETRÁCEK AND IVAN HRBEK

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Piricky G.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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2008

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vol. 61

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issue 2

93-102

EN

The research of religions in former Eastern Bloc countries is often presented in terms of a loss of contact with the Western academic tradition and ideological bias. This paper attempts to show however that the study of Islam in individual countries was not homogenous. Islamic Studies in communist Czechoslovakia (1948-1989), although to a significant degreee limited by the ruling atheist ideology as reflected in Marxist- Leninist dogmatism, did not develop in isolation from Western scholarly debates. In fact, major works published in Slovak and Czech language by three respected Islamicists Rudolf M a c ú c h, Karel P e t r á c e k and Ivan H r b e k show clearly that Czechoslovak scholarship on Islam was to a wide extent connected with Western concepts, including the issues of methodology and the Orientalist discourse.

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Československá diplomacie v únoru a březnu 1948. Příspěvek k mezinárodním aspektům komunistického převratu a k destrukci česko-slovenských demokratických elit stalinistickým režimem

80%

Dejmek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2010

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vol. 108

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issue 1

70-113

EN

This study deals with the structure and changes in Czechoslovak diplomacy at the time of the Communist coup d'etat and shortly thereafter. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to which only a small minority of civil servants declared their allegiance prior to February 1948, succeeded in gaining control of the Ministry without any difficulties as early as the very beginning of the putsch. However, a number of Czechoslovak Ambassadors in Western countries, among others those in the USA, France, Canada and the Latin American countries stood against the new power. The attempt of the permanent delegate at the UN, Jan Papanek to persuade the UN Security Council to consider the international aspects of the putsch was the most significant contribution. Even though he was immediately denounced by the new Communist Government, he helped to raise an awareness in the West of the real circumstances of the coup d'etat.

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Vybrané rysy spirituality české katolické církve (1948-1989)

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Hanus J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 2-3

341-353

EN

In this article the author seeks to explain some fundamental features of Roman Catholic spirituality in the Bohemian Lands after the Second World War. He demonstrates that this phenomenon was in essence both determined by the 'Roman Catholic Renaissance' of the 1930s and by new tendencies, particularly after the Communist takeover of February 1948. Among these tendencies was its enforced closed nature, fear of persecution, traditionalism, and conservatism, which were mainly the result of the limitations on being in touch with people abroad. On the whole, however, the author believes that Czech Roman Catholicism from the Communist takeover to the collapse of the regime in late 1989, despite all its problems, contributed to Czech culture, and he demonstrates this also in the reception of the Second Vatican Council in Bohemia and Moravia. The spirituality of women, both of nuns and of secular intellectuals, receives special praise in the article.

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IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL CHANGES UPON ETHNIC IDENTITY OF HUNGARIAN POPULATION IN THE REGION OF SOUTHERN SLOVAKIA AFTER 1918

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Olejník M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 3

-

EN

The paper analyse concisely a history of Hungarian community in Czechoslovak Republic after 1918. Similarly as the majority society – Slovaks, the Hungarians underwent a dramatic flow of changes – adaption to conditions of the First Republic (1945 – 1948), a period of communist dictate and democratic changes after November 1989. Each of these periods affected lives of Hungarians living in Slovakia in a different way. The paper is trying to provide elementary information of these developments and reactions of Hungarians not only as members of community but also as individuals.

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NALÉHAVOST POTŘEBY NOVÝCH VIZÍ SPOLEČENSKÉHO ROZVOJE – ODKAZ VZNIKU ČESKOSLOVENSKA PŘED 100 LETY

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Vencálek J.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2018

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vol. 7

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issue 2

35 – 40

EN

A hundred years that have passed since the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 has offered a number of considerations and reflections on new developmental visions of human communities not only in a Czech and Slovak, but also in European and worldwide context. The paper outlines the need to change the causal perception of reality in favour of strengthening the studies of contextual relations, the need to change the simple evidence of phenomena to study their influence on social cohesion and, last but not least, the need to transform hierarchical structures into a more progressive fractal structure.

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NÁRODNOSTNÍ OTÁZKA Z POHLEDU VÝVOJE MEZINÁRODNÍ OCHRANY NÁRODNOSTNÍCH MENŠIN

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Scheu H. C.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 4

-

EN

On the national level the Constitutional Act No. 144/1968 which regulated the status of nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was certainly a unique legislative action in the field of minority rights. It guaranteed certain minority rights at least to four explicitly mentioned nationalities. The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the development of the protection of national minorities after World War II until the end of the 1960s from an international perspective. We believe that with a view to this context the specific national models may be better evaluated.

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N. O. Losskij a Československo

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Sládek K.

Studia theologica

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2006

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vol. 8

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issue 1

45-61

EN

Translations of two books by Russian philosopher N. O. Lossky (1870-1965) have been published in Czech recently, History of Russian Philosophy and Doctrine of Reincarnation. Lossky had a huge impact and influence in the exploration of philosophy in the former Czechoslovakia. In 1921, he was forced to leave the USSR. First he found refuge in Czechoslovakia, where he taught at the university in Prague. There he published in the Czech language: 'Theoretical and Practical Meaning of Teachings of Professor Hoppe about I' (1933); Metaphysical Conception of Human Personality in the Sense of Teachings of V. Hoppe (1934); Industrialism, Communism and the Loss of Personality (1934); 'Resurrection' (1934); Dialectic Materialism (1938). After the outbreak of World War II, he taught at the university in Bratislava and published in the Slovak language: Conditions of the Perfect Good (1944); Absolute Criterion of Truth (1946), and Dostoyevsky and His Christian Worldview (1946). In his books, Lossky deepened his philosophical theory of intuitionism and he paid special attention to cognitive coordination. Lossky described his metaphysical conception as hierarchical individualism or organic concrete ideal-realism.

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ŽENY A ŠTRUKTÚRA ČESKOSLOVENSKÉHO MINISTERSTVA ZAHRANIČIA

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Kičková A.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2014

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vol. 18

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issue 1

15 – 22

EN

This article outlines the development of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ organizational structure since 1918. It is emphasing the participation of women in the Ministry.

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Počátky exilové politiky Československé strany lidové. Adolf Procházka, Adolf Klimek a boj o Šrámkovo nástupnictví (1948-1953)

80%

Suchanek D.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 4

651-681

EN

This article traces the process of the organization of the Czechoslovak People's Party and its programme in the first six years in exile. It focuses on the power struggle and general relations among its leading figures and interest groups. The author points out that the victory of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (CPCz) in February 1948 meant a turning point for the People's Party. Robbed of the opportunity to carry out its policy freely it henceforth worked in the country under a new leadership within the 'revived' National Front as a satellite of the Communists. At the same time, however, a number of its members gradually joined in the resistance to the dictatorship, which often resulted in harsh repressive measures against them and the Party, and many of its pre-takeover functionaries and members left for the West. Similarly to the leaders and members of other democratic parties in exile, they built up a new party structure and tried to maintain continuity in their institutions and programme. These efforts were from the start, however, accompanied by internal disputes and competition amongst the individual would-be leaders. The intensity and persistence of the disputes were, argues the author, due to the fact that the People's Party, unlike the other emigre parties, was without its chairman and leading party authority, Msgr Jan Sramek (1870-1956), who had been arrested while trying to escape Czechoslovakia. The People's Party in exile soon began to split in two: on the one hand, the uncompromisingly anti-Communist right-wing critics of the idea of the National Front gradually created their own party platform; on the other, within the People's Party in exile there was a struggle over the orientation of the programme, the leadership, and the senior members, which took place among factions around the general secretary of the party, Adolf Klimek (1895-1990), and the former minister of health, Adolf Prochazka (1900-1970). The author discusses mainly the twists and turns of this conflict. Whereas Klimek represented the more traditional Christian-Socialist line in the spirit of Sramek, the intellectual Prochazka was inclined to modernize the party in the direction of the Christian Democrats. The balance of power between the two factions changed, but neither one gained the upper hand. The author argues that this situation very nearly paralyzed the People's Party. It caused a great exodus of rank and file members, weakened the party's position in the non-partisan emigre institutions (like the Council of Free Czechoslovakia) and made it impossible to push through the priorities of its Christian political programme. Towards the end of the article, the author endeavours to look behind the 'curtain of personal relations,' focusing on 1945-48 in order to elucidate the positions, alliances, and rivalries amongst the important political figures of the Czechoslovak People's Party, which clearly continued in exile.

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Czech Refugee Trust Fund a československá emigrace. Část 1. Geneze a finanční zabezpečení

80%

Kuklik J., Cechurova J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 1

9-43

EN

This is the first part of a two-part article on the creation and financing of the Czech Refugee Trust Fund. The article considers the state of affairs that emerged after the Munich Agreement of September 1938: the break-up of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, the accession of parts of Czechoslovakia to Hitler's Germany, the creation of the short lived Czecho-Slovakia (or Second Republic), and the great number of refugees fleeing the country. The most important prerequisite for the creation of the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, which was active in Great Britain throughout the Second World War and, in fact, all the way into the 1970s, was the provision of Anglo-French loans for the reconstruction of post-Munich-Agreement Czecho-Slovakia in January 1939, and, in particular, the L4 million British grant in support of refugees. The primary recipients of British support were, as intended, ethnic Germans (particularly Social Democrats and other opponents of Nazism) and Jews, who sought to escape the Second Republic and whose emigration to British dominions and Palestine was supported by Great Britain. By the time the rump Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany (15 March 1939), however, only part of the loan had been used. Moreover, a problem arose with the support of Czech (and also Slovak) émigrés on British territory. These difficulties were surmounted by the creation of the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, to which the remaining funds from the British grant were finally transferred in January 1940, and then used to support refugees. The means of support and the actual work of the Fund are analyzed in greater detail by the authors in Part Two of their article, which will be published in a future issue of Soudobé dějiny.

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RANÉ OBDOBIE POLITICKÉHO MYSLENIA ANDREJA SIRÁCKEHO – VSTUP DO PROBLEMATIKY

80%

Sivičeková J.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 2

35 – 50

EN

Andrej Sirácky belongs to the generation of pioneers in marxistic-leninistic ideology in Slovakia. Contribution is analysing the first period of his political thinking, which we are limiting by years 1900 to 1948. By the comparison of the individual theoretical and literary works we are watching the ideological continuity of his political thinking with the view to period environment of the first Czechoslovak Republic and also Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. The paper is bringing up the analysis of early period of political thinking of Andrej Sirácky with the intention to use knowledge to comparison with the presented attitudes of Andrej Sirácky in the period after the 1948, when in Czechoslovakia´s society a systematic ideologisation started after a socialistic regime was established and Andrej Sirácky was on important posts within Slovak Academy of Sciences, Comenius University and in Communist Party of Slovakia too.

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ÚVAHY O ZAVEDENÍ „NÁRODNOSTNÉHO KĽÚČA“ PRI VÝSTAVBE VELITEĽSKÉHO ZBORU ČS. ARMÁDY PO SKONČENÍ 2. SVETOVEJ VOJNY

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Maskalík A.

Vojenská história

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2020

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vol. 24

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issue 3

115 - 124

EN

In the introduction of the edited document, the author points out to the fact that the so called “nationality key” in forming the CZ command corps after the end of World War 2. emerged from the so called National Personal Structure Model, determining the national proportions for staffing at all command and management levels. Since the state-forming nations were dominating the command corps of the Czechoslovak People’s Army, the nationality key referred exclusively to the Czech and Slovak element. Elaboration of the nationality key should have become an army-wide matter, with all the units of the Ministry of National Defence and General Staff engaged. This should have concerned all service categories and should have been applied to all areas of the army personal work, i.e. to recruitment into the command corps, appointing soldiers for ranks, their promotions and appointments. However, a lot of complications were encountered from the beginning. Particularly in the case of officers, the problem appeared to be most complicated. Their number and method of classification was determined strictly by the so called “systemization” of the service positions approved by the government still according to the regulations of the 24th June 1926. Moreover, the whole area was determined also by the insufficiently clarified bonds and competences of individual ministerial units. The personnel work with the command corps was fragmented. The published archival document comes from the Military Historical Archive Prague.

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EVOLUTION OF UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW IN OUR TERRITORY (Vyvoj prava nekalej sutaze na nasom uzemi)

80%

Vozar J.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2011

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vol. 94

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issue 2

131-144

EN

The author deals with creation of national unfair competition laws. He refers to two models of evolution of this law - the French and German ones. He especially focuses on the evolution of unfair competition law in the territory of former Czechoslovakia. He analyses in detail the individual historical periods, and in particular the first model Czechoslovak act on protection against unfair competition. In the following section of his article he deals with unfair competition legislation in the years of 1918 - 1938 and in the years of 1938 - 1990.

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Československý olympijský výbor v letech 1945–1948 a příprava letních olympijských her v Londýně 1948

80%

Havlinova J.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2011

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vol. 19

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issue 1

199-235

EN

There is no doubt that the first postwar Olympic Games held in London in 1948 played a role in the history of sports that was far from being negligible as that event was intended to become a symbol of the reestablished unity of all nations. Therefore, much of the postwar efforts of the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee from the very beginning concentrated on the preparation for the Olympic Games. This did not include only the pre-Olympic training of sportsmen; also the money needed for the participation had to be raised. Owing to the Committee's efforts and also thanks to the government a sufficient amount of money was obtained and many excellent sportsmen could attend the event. It was hoped that the Czechoslovak representatives would gain many Olympic medals. Indeed, they often showed surprising performances. Through its work, the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee could influence to some extent the political development in the country even after February 1948, as the Communist regime was still consolidating at that time and paid much more attention to other priorities than to sports.

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PRVNÍ ČÁST NÁVRHU MUSEOLOGIE PRO VENKOVSKÁ MUSEA A NÁVRH SMĚRNIC PRO NÁRODOPIS V MUSEJNÍCH SBÍRKÁCH

80%

Palárik M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 2

112 – 129

EN

Following paper deals with the preparation of draft guidelines for museums´ staff in the interwar period. It is described the historical background of the document and presented the main content and interpreted the introduction into museum practice in given era. The prepared directive should have helped the employees in country museums to improve the quality of museological documentation in various regions of Czechoslovakia. The author of the document was museologist, historian and ethnologist - Josef František Svoboda.

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Problematika osídlování a socializace pohraničí na příkladu družstva „Sociakol“ v letech 1945–1950

80%

Slavicek J.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2010

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vol. 18

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issue 2

109-144

EN

The story of Sociakol consumer cooperative in the years 1945-1950 is described. The institutional and methodological approach to studying the history of the cooperative is combined with a biographical approach depicting the stories of a limited circle of persons in its management. Thus, this particular regional example helps us explain the interconnection between the Communist Party and consumer cooperatives. It demonstrates the gaps and limits available in the social system prior to and after the Communist coup of 1948 that made it possible for well managed fraudulent groups of people operating in border regions to carry out illegal economic activities well covered with the then political and economic trends and slogans. It also shows the reasons for prosecuting and suing these people after the February Coup, and gives details of the lawsuits against them under the political supervision by the Communist Party.

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Novinářská a politická dráha Huberta Ripky do vyvrcholení mnichovské krize na počátku října 1938 a jeho odchodu do exilu

80%

Pavlat D.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2009

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vol. 17

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issue 2

65-129

EN

Hubert Ripka (1895-1958) ranked among the most active democratically oriented journalists in the First Czechoslovak Republic. Follower of President T. G. Masaryk and close collaborator of Foreign Minister and later President Edvard Benes, he wrote for a wide range of democratic periodicals in support of the 'Castle Group' policy. He advocated the democratic principles and the international orientation of Czechoslovakia, seeking as much support as possible for the Little Entente alliance, particularly in connection with the growing threat from Nazi Germany. Of great importance were Ripka's personal contacts with German 'neo-activists' in the CSR, with opposition circles in Nazi Germany, as well as with French and British opponents of the appeasement policy. He strongly opposed the Munich Agreement; therefore, he left the country in October 1938 to join the Czechoslovak resistance movement abroad.

19

VPLYV FRANCÚZSKEJ MÓDY NA MÓDNE ZNAČKY V ČESKOSLOVENSKU

80%

Kubalová B., Pecníková J.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2019

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vol. 8

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issue 1

15 – 21

EN

Fashion stands on the periphery of intellectual interest. It is considered a fleeting phenomenon of modern society. The concept of fashion is much wider than just the definition of the latest fashion wave. Fashion involves a direct reaction to trends, company development and contemporary culture. The development and impact of fashion brands depends on the cultural and social factors in which the brands are located. The aim of this contribution is to answer questions related to the social and cultural role of this phenomenon. The socio-cultural aspect of trademarks is analysed in the example of brands used in the fashion industry in contrast to two communities – France and Czechoslovakia in the 20th century. The paper analyses the impact of French fashion brands in Czechoslovakia.

20

EMERGENCY SECURITY MEASURES IN SLOVAKIA, 1969-1989

80%

Púčik M.

Vojenská história

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2020

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vol. 24

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issue 1

136 - 155

EN

The study addresses the so far poorly elaborated issue of repressive measures of the totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia that were used to eliminate any form of resistance. These measures included the use of the so-called soft and the so-called hard power. The study focuses mainly on the specifics in Slovak conditions. Based on extensive archival research the study addresses the issue of abuse of the army against the so-called internal enemy, for example, the so-called hockey events and the 1st anniversary of the military intervention of the Warsaw Pact troops in Czechoslovakia. Based on the experiences of deployment of repressive forces, a central MBO plan was developed. After almost twenty years of the so-called normalization, the “Husák-Jakeš” totalitarian system found itself in late of the 1980s in agony. The disintegration of the power system continued, but plans for extreme security measures elaborated and approved in the early 1970s remained valid. Deployed numbers of soldiers and military equipment within the territory of Slovakia were a proof that a significant military force was prepared for power intervention in order to eliminate components of society that the governmental regime described as a security threat. Creating an ideological image of the so-called inner enemy, alternatively prepared MBO plans in several stages and other measures of the central power showed that despite the long so-called normalization period, the “Husák-Jakeš” system did not seem well established. On the contrary, the system was afraid of any forms of confrontation with the public.

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