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EN
The aim of this the paper is to classify different channels through which new money may enter the national economy. We will identify and describe the differences that occur depending on the way in which the new money supply increases, and their importance to the economy and the business cycle. The literature of the theory of money and inflation lacks the classification of the first-round effect. The Cantillon’s analysis conducted in the eighteenth century offers the most comprehensive systematization so far. Therefore, the paper attempts to fill this gap. The research will be theoretical, but presented considerations will be illustrated by the relevant data. Based on the analysis, we conclude that the Cantillon effect entails significant economic consequences. The article also shows that what matters for the economy is not a mere increase in the money supply, but also a method of monetary inflation.
EN
The aim of this article is to examine the role of the Cantillon effect in economics. The literature of economic theory lacks the detailed discussion of the implications of the first-round effect for economics. This paper attempts to fill this gap. The article is mainly theoretical, but considerations presented are illustrated by relevant empirical data. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that the effect of Cantillon develops particularly the theory of money and inflation, the theory of banking and central banking, the theory of business cycle and price bubbles, the theory of income distribution and income and wealth inequalities, and the theory of public choice.
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Efekt Cantillona

58%
PL
Celem tej pracy jest teoretyczne omówienie efektu Cantillona z uwzględnieniem zarówno aspektu dystrybucyjnego, jak i cenowego. Przedstawiono relacje, jakie zachodzą między tym zjawiskiem a nieneutralnością pieniądza oraz zmianą w podaży pieniądza w ogólności. Analizie poddano także rolę oczekiwań związanych z istnieniem tych efektów. Pokazano również, iż stanowi ono podstawę austriackiej teorii cyklu koniunkturalnej. Jednocześnie wykazano, że ekonomia głównego nurtu ze względu na czynione przez nią nierealistyczne założenia, takie jak to o homogenicznym kapitale, nie jest w stanie należycie uchwycić wagi tego zjawiska.
EN
The aim of this paper is a theoretical discussion of the Cantillon effect, taking into account both the distribution and the price. The author presents the relationship between this phenomenon and the non-neutrality of money, as well as the changes in money supply in general. The role of expectations for these effects is also analysed. Based on the analysis, it is pointed out that the Cantillon effect is a foundation for the Austrian Business Cycle Theory. The author proves that mainstream economics, due to its unrealistic assumptions, such as the assumption of homogeneous capital, is not able to properly grasp the importance of this phenomenon.
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