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The Morality of War

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EN
The authors have prepared a selection of texts from different
times, but surely the most attention spent contemporary problems
associated with the use of organized violence.
EN
The main purpose of the submitted article is to refer the realism doctrine to the contemporary Polish-Us and Polish-Russian foreign relations and to prove that the doctrine of realism is the most appropriate to provide the security for Poland. In order to bring closer the background of realism thought, in the first part, the author presents and describes its the most important precursors and their achievements beginning from antiquity. In the second part the author attempts to describe the thought of the 20th century realists like Edward H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz. In the third and the last part, the rules of the realism doctrine presented above are being referred to the current security problems in Polish-Us and Polish-Russian foreign relations.
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba odniesienia założeń myśli realizmu w stosunkach międzynarodowych do współczesnych relacji polsko-amerykańskich i polsko-rosyjskich oraz wykazanie, iż to właśnie podejście realistyczne jest najwłaściwsze dla zapewnienia Polsce bezpieczeństwa. W celu przybliżenia genezy i tła myśli realistycznej autor w pierwszej części prezentuje i opisuje najważniejszych prekursorów myśli realistycznej oraz ich dokonania, zaczynając od czasów antycznych. W części drugiej podejmuje próbę opisania myśli realistów dwudziestowiecznych, takich jak Edward H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau i Kenneth Waltz. W trzeciej i zarazem ostatniej części autor odnosi wcześniej przedstawione zasady realizmu w stosunkach międzynarodowych do współczesnych problemów bezpieczeństwa w relacjach polsko-amerykańskich i polsko-rosyjskich.
EN
This article is a comparative analysis of Woman and Scarecrow by Marina Carr and The Seafarer by Conor McPherson from a hauntological perspective. It aims at discussing the influence of supernatural beings on mortal protagonists as well as addressing the configurations of power and knowledge formed between the characters. Woman and Scarecrow follows the final moments of a dying woman accompanied by the mysterious figure of Scarecrow, who is hidden from other characters. The verbal exchanges between Scarecrow and Woman will be interpreted as a manifestation of the apparent power possessed by the former, the ambiguous supernatural figure, over the latter, a human being, in terms of appropriating the knowledge about the woman’s past. In McPherson’s The Seafarer, a mysterious relationship develops between Sharky and Mr. Lockhart, who knows about Sharky’s past, too. This paper will demonstrate both similarities and differences in the way in which Carr and McPherson make use of supernatural beings that manipulate human characters in the most crucial moments of their lives and will situate the two plays within the recent rise of interest in spectrality in Irish drama.
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