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EN
Caspian region contains some of the largest undeveloped oil and gas reserves in the world. The energy field is vital to economic development and to the future geopolitical order of the region. The rivalry between different pipeline options will probably determine not only the pattern of foreign policy orientationand cooperation in the region but also the influence and position of regional and external players. The exploitation of energy resources and the future routes of pipelines from the oil and gas fields in the Caspian basin will also determine the role of the Caspian region in the contemporary international relations. Newly independent states in Central Asia and the Caucasus hoped their oil and gas resources would help them secure economic growth and political independence. The most important element of the European energy strategy is the need of diversification of the energy sources. The growing energy needs have given the European Union a  strong interest in developing ties with energy-‑producing states in the Caspian region to build necessary pipeline infrastructure.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
EN
The Caspian region is one of the most important regions of the world with its rich hydrocarbon resources, which in turn draws attention from different countries. The purpose of this paper is to underscore the geopolitical importance of the Caspian basin and the impact of its energy resources on the energy security of non-regional countries. The realization of the “Contract of the century” has been specified in the paper. Russian hegemony has been evaluated and the characteristic features of Northern route have been introduced. The authors attempted to delineate the US’ strategy in the Caspian region and to judge the security of the Western route stretching from the Caspian Sea. The status of the Caspian Sea has been clarified based on the most recent information. Threats to the security of the transit routes have been identified and measures have been offered to prevent possible incidents. A formula was suggested for the mathematical evaluation of possible terrorist attacks on the pipelines in the foreseeable future.
PL
Celem opracowania jest analiza specyfiki stosunków między państwami kaspijskimi w kontekście stanu prawnego basenu kaspijskiego. Region kaspijski obejmuje Rosję, Azerbejdżan, Iran, Turkmenistan i Kazachstan. Realizacja problemu badawczego będzie możliwa dzięki kompleksowej analizie procesu decyzyjnego oraz perspektywy prawnej statusu basenu kaspijskiego. Tematem opracowania są tym samym ewolucja i koncepcje problemu stanu prawnego basenu kaspijskiego przed zimną wojną i po niej. Ważnym elementem opracowania jest Konwencja regulująca status prawny Morza Kaspijskiego i jej konsekwencje dla stosunków międzynarodowych w regionie kaspijskim.
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of the relations between Caspian states in the context of the legal status of the Caspian Basin. The Caspian region includes Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. The implementation of the research problem will be possible thanks to a comprehensive analysis of the decision-making process in the legal perspective of the Caspian Basin. The subject of the study is thus the evolution and concepts of the problem of the legal status of the Basin before and after the Cold War. An important element of the study is the Convention regulating the legal status of the Caspian Sea and its consequences for the international relations in the Caspian region.
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