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Jak 2,18 a jeho interpretace

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Mareček P.

Studia theologica

2020

vol. 4

1-13

The Letter of James is the most puzzling book of the New Testament, as it contains a number of enigmatic places. One of these places is James 2:18, which has been called the crux interpretum and which is rated as one of the most difficult places in the New Testament. The exegetical explanations of James 2:18 are manifold and not one of these explanations entirely satisfies. Our verse is part of the textual unit James 2:18‒20, which attempts to clarify that works, are a sign of faith. To clarify this fact, James uses arguments that are dialogical in nature. First, he introduces the topic: “Let’s admit that someone would say, you have faith, and I have works.” The pronouns “you” (James 2:18aβ) and “I” (James 2:18aγ) do not associate with the discussion partner or the author of James’ letter, but refer to two hypothetical persons who, through dialogue, represent a typical case of separation of faith and deeds, i.e. between “having faith” (James 18aβ) and “having works” (James 2:18aγ). At this point, in accordance with the customs of the dialogue, the author of the letter intervenes in order to refute the presented statement in a clear and concise manner. In his answer, which includes two sentences joined together by a double chiasm (James 2:18bα‒β), James declares that faith without works cannot be shown or proved. For the author of the letter, faith is inseparable from deeds, just as a word must be inextricably linked to a specific action that includes prompt and effective assistance to those who experience misery, unjust violence, and find themselves without protection (cf. James 1:21, 23‒25,26‒27).

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Mareček P.

Studia theologica

2018

vol. 4

1-20

The Letter of James, although one of the last to be included in the canonical list, has gained an undisputed position in the Canon of the New Testament. Our study, which looks at the history of the reception of the Letter of James from the time of its first use and its acceptance into the New Testament canon to the present, is divided into three parts. The first presents the history of the early reception of the Letter of James and its inclusion in the canon of the New Testament. The second part discusses the attitudes towards and judgments on the Letter of James during the Reformation. Finally, the third part briefly describes what interest the Letter of James has enjoyed from the nineteenth century to the present and how it is viewed now. It is apparent from the history of the reception of the letter, which was generally overlooked in the history of the Church, that it has become the subject of attention of contemporary authors who seek to rehabilitate its position.

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Jak 2,18 a jeho interpretace

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