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EN
Christian missions in Cameroon were quite closely related to European colonization. It came with noble slogans of bringing civilization and freedom. But it had primarily economic and political goals. Although missionary activity was born from other motives, it was nolens volens entangled in the politics of the colonial states. The Cameroonian coast nominally belonged for centuries to Portugal. At the end of the 18th century the missionary activity in Africa had almost completely disappeared. The beginnings of the mission in Cameroon were entangled in the intricate politics of England, Germany, and France in particular. Without this political dimension it is impossible to fully understand the contemporaneity of the various Christian denominations in Cameroon.
EN
The announcement of Panama as host of World Youth Day in 2019, turned out to be a great surprise for the whole world. For the fi rst time such a small country, has hosted a global event. Panamá is known primarily from the Panama Canal and the Panamanian aff air called Panama. But speaking in these two contexts is very hurtful, because it is a country richly diverse, and the Church here has a unique, unique face. Catholic missions are included in the history of Panama from the very beginning. From the beginning of the bishopric in the city of Panamá, through the territorial development of the Church, everything here has a mark of mission. The fi nal element of the article is the presentation of the Church in the Bocas del Toro Territorial Prelature. The prelature is located in the Caribbean Sea and is geographically diff erent from the rest of the country. But this place is an example of a missionary church, and of a church that needs support in its mission. Poles coming to Panama for the next World Youth Day will discover a unique country, and together with the Poles, Panama will be discovered by the whole world.
EN
The text is a short memory of Fr. Walerian Gromadzki, a missionary of the Catholic Church in Western Siberia, known in historical literature, a parish priest in Tomsk, who spent nearly 40 years in Siberia. The article presents his letter from November 1889, addressed to Przegląd Katolicki, a magazine published in Warsaw. In his letter, Fr. Gromadzki describes the history of the mission and the history of the church in Tomsk, mentioning many the Jesuit and Bernardine fathers by name who worked in Siberia in the first half of the 19th century and laid the foundations of the Catholic Church there.
PL
Tekst zawiera krótkie wspomnienie o znanym w literaturze historycznej misjonarzu Kościoła katolickiego na Syberii Zachodniej – ks. Walerianie Gromadzkim, proboszczu w Tomsku, który na Syberii spędził blisko 40 lat, oraz jego list z listopada 1889 r., skierowany do warszawskiego czasopisma „Przegląd Katolicki”. W swoim liście ks. Gromadzki opisuje historię misji i dzieje kościoła w Tomsku, wymieniając wiele nazwisk ojców jezuitów i bernardynów, którzy w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku pracowali na Syberii, tworząc podwaliny Kościoła katolickiego.
EN
The earliest inroads of Islam on the northern edges of today's Cameroon came from northern Africa. They led all the way from Arabian Egypt and Libya still in the times of the Berbers. Early islamification yielded Moslem states, created mainly in the area of Lake Chad. This first onset was connected primarily with acquiring slaves and new subjects. The next inroad of Islamic infiltration came from Fulani infiltration of territory in northern Cameroon, beginning in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 19th century the Fulani conquered northern Cameroon, although numerous enclaves of the Kirdi peoples evaded their authority. The Fulani achieved much greater mastery over the Kirdi during the time of French and German rule. They took advantage of their dominant political position and of their cooperation with the colonizers. In this way they brought about the greater islamification of these lands, but they did not win the majority of the population to their religion. In the mid-20th century Catholic and also Protestant missionary activity began a robust development in Kirdi territory. Their activity was restrained by the Fulani leaders. Additionally, favoritism of the Fulani and Islam in northern Cameroon continued after Cameroon gained independence in 1982. The intense rivalry began, however, to give place to a more peaceful coexistence, and even cooperation in many areas of social life. The time had arrived for a difficult dialogue, a dialogue which continually struggles with the past, with prejudice, and with a lack of understanding among many religious and political leaders.
PL
Najstarsza droga naporu islamu na krańce północne dzisiejszego Kamerunu prowadziła z północny Afryki. Wczesnej islamizacji uległy państwa muzułmańskie, tworzone głównie w okolicach jeziora Czad. Druga droga rozprzestrzeniania się islamu związana była z przenikaniem Fulbe na tereny północnego Kamerunu. W XIX w. Fulbe podbili północny Kamerun, jednak ich władzy umykały liczne enklawy ludów Kirdi. Fulbe uzyskali o wiele większą dominację nad Kirdi w czasach panowania Niemców i Francuzów. Wykorzystali swoją dominującą pozycję polityczną i fakt współpracy z kolonizatorami. Doprowadzili w ten sposób do większej islamizacji tych ziem, ale nie zdobyli większości populacji dla swej religii. W połowie XX w. na terenach Kirdi zaczęły rozwijać prężnie swoją działalność misje katolickie, a także protestanckie. Ich działalność była powstrzymywana przez władców Fulbe. Także po uzyskaniu przez Kamerun niepodległości (do 1982 r.) trwało faworyzowanie Fulbe i islamu w północnym Kamerunie. Ta ostra rywalizacja zaczęła jednak ustępować bardziej pokojowemu współżyciu, a nawet współpracy w wielu dziedzinach życia społecznego. Nastąpił czas trudnego dialogu, który wciąż boryka się z przeszłością, uprzedzeniami i niezrozumieniem wśród wielu przywódców religijnych i politycznych.
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