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Changes in local climate in the neighbourhood of the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir on the Angara, Russia

100%

Tashlykova T. A.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

2013

vol. 1

issue 1

9-16

The paper presents results of investigations on microclimate over one of the largest artificial water reservoirs in the world - Ust-Ilimsk on the Angara in Russia. It is located in the western edge of the Central Siberian Upland in the northern part of Irkutsk Oblast. The area of reservoir at a normal level of water damming (296 m a.s.l.) amounts to 1873 km2, the capacity of stored water - 59,4 km3, and the shoreline length is equal to 2384 km. The evaluation of the influence of the water reservoir on local climate was based on the analysis of data collected over many years measurements of a series of particular elements of the climate and carried out in the direct neighbourhood of the reservoir before (1936-1975) and after its construction in 1977. From the research the results show that the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir distinctly influences the local climate of adjacent areas. The differences are mostly connected with the increase in total radiation and changes in the radiation balance of the reservoir, and the larger heat capacity of the water mass in comparison to land. As data from meteorological stations indicate, the climate in the neighbourhood of this water reservoir gains many new features and generally becomes milder. The average annual increase in air temperature over the reservoir shores reached 1.3°C, whereas with in land it was only 0.4°C. At every meteorological station (inshore and continental), in the summer period and during the whole year as well, the average sum precipitation decreased by 7-14%. In the winter, when polynya exist, the number of days with fogs increases over the reservoir. Fogs in the shore zone of the Ust-Ilimsk reservoir delay the coming of frosts by 1-2 weeks.

The influence of water level fluctuations in the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir in Russia on the action of some geological processes

88%

Tashlykova T. A.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

2013

vol. 1

issue 2

15-21

The Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir is located in the taiga zone in the Central-Siberian Upland. It was created between 1975-1977 as a result of storage of flood waters and water from the higher located Bratsk Reservoir. With an area of 1873 km2 and a water capacity amounting to 59.4 km3 it belongs to the group of largest water reservoirs in the world. It is the third level of the Angara cascade, projected as a multifunctional object - for the efficient functioning of the Ust-Ilimsk Hydroelectric Power Station, to streamline navigation on the lower Angara, to fulfil municipal and industrial water needs and also for floating timber. On the basis of the author’s own investigations and source materials obtained from the Irkutskgidromet and the Institute of the Earth’s Crust in Irkutsk, the fluctuations of the water level and the volumes of water outflow in the period 1975-2007 and the volume of processed material at the selected water shores in the period 1977-1990 were analysed. In addition, the data of seismic events in the region of the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir were compiled. During this period the functioning changes of the reservoir in terms of the capacity of the water mass occurred under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. It was determined that the creation of this natural-technical water object activated two geological processes in its shore zone - abrasion and induced seismicity. It was stated that the especially large transformations of the reservoir shore zone by these dangerous processes occurred in the first years of its intensive exploitation, in the period of small water resources in the drainage basin of Yenisei - Angara, which forced specific conditions of reservoir functioning. At rocky shores the predominating process is abrasion of their waterside parts, whereas at shores built of loose deposits the complete transformation of underwater parts of shallows takes place.

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2 Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

2 Tashlykova T. A.

2 2013

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Changes in local climate in the neighbourhood of the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir on the Angara, Russia

The influence of water level fluctuations in the Ust-Ilimsk water reservoir in Russia on the action of some geological processes