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1

Political Catholicism in Poland in 1945–1948. An Overview of Political Activity of Catholics

100%

Pazik P.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2018

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vol. 125

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issue 2

PL

The article is a reconstruction of the most important strands in the historiography devoted to the political activity of the laity after 1945, especially the period between 1945 and 1948. The author first discusses pre-1989 literature and then the most recent studies devoted to political Catholicism in Poland. In the main part of the article he presents three strands in historiography: research into the Labour Party, research into groups associated with Catholic socio-political weeklies, and biographies and syntheses of the history of the Catholics and the Church.

2

Proces odbudowy krajowego ruchu chrześcijańsko-demokratycznego u schyłku PRL (1986–1989)

63%

Sikorski T.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 30

203-226

EN

The article is an attempt at showing the reconstruction process of the Polish Christian Democratic movement and the decline of the Polish People’s Republic (1988–1989). The issue in question has not been previously studied by many researchers. They have usually focused on the history of the Stronnictwo Pracy, social Catholicism, the activity of various lay Catholic circles (usually licensed ones), and the structure of the Labour Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) among the emigrants. What is more, it should be stressed that most of such analyses dealt with the period between 1944/45 and 1956, and in rarer cases, the decades of Władysław Gomułka’s and Edward Gierek’s rule. The 1980s (particularly the late portion of the decade) still require detailed research. In a way, the present article consists of two parts. The former one synthetically presents attempts at reactivation of the Christian Democratic circles after October 1956 and initiatives aiming at the reconstruction of Christian Democratic circles. This led to the establishment of the Polish Catholic Social Union (PZKS), which the initiators (mainly Janusz Zabłocki) intended to provide as a foundation for the reconstruction of the Polish Christian Democratic movement. The author has presented the main directions of PZKS activity, internal disputes (in the fields of ideology, politics and tactics) and the achievement of the party with regard to broadly understood political thought. The latter part of the article, which should be regarded as the main (fundamental) one, analyses the reconstruction process of the Polish Christian Democratic circles itself. The activities of the Christian Democratic Club of Political Thought, which was supposed to provide infrastructure for the future Christian Democratic movement (with regard to programme, politics and organisation). The focus is also on the political thought of the Club, its achievements in the field of programme and strategy related to the political changes in the country (e.g. the Round Table talks, June elections of 1989). What was equally important was the relationship between the Club and other opposition circles and licensed groups of lay Catholics (e.g. PZKS, PAX Association, Christian Social Association). The article has been based primarily on source materials of various provenance. The role of academic studies has only been auxiliary.

3

Geneza i rozwój chrześcijańskiej demokracji we Włoszech. Zarys problematyki

63%

Gołubców P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy

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2020

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issue 2(35)

PL

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania genezy powstania i ewolucji Chrześcijańskiej Demokracji jako partii dominującej na włoskiej scenie politycznej po II wojnie światowej, uwzględniającej w swoim programie założenia katolickiej nauki społecznej. Jej korzenie sięgają II połowy XIX wieku i wiązały się z procesem Zjednoczenia Królestwa Włoch i będącą konsekwencją tego faktu wrogą wobec Kościoła polityką włoskich władz. Sprzeciw papiestwa wobec niekorzystnych działań, również na płaszczyźnie stanowionego prawa we Włoszech, podejmowanych przez kolejne włoskie rządy, był wyrażany w niektórych papieskich dokumentach, zakazujących udziału katolików świeckich w życiu politycznym. Oddolne inicjatywy laikatu powodowały jednak powstawanie organizacji o charakterze politycznym, a z czasem partii politycznych odnoszących się do doktryny chrześcijańskiej. Okres faszyzmu we Włoszech, uniemożliwiający funkcjonowanie opozycyjnych partii politycznych, nie zdołał powstrzymać podejmowanych w latach wcześniejszych inicjatyw w kontekście budowania partii bazujących programowo na katolickiej nauce społecznej, czego potwierdzeniem było powstanie Chrześcijańskiej Demokracji we Włoszech w 1946 r. Należy wyraźnie podkreślić, że funkcjonujące na terenie Włoch partie chadeckie, choć za fundamenty swojego programu uznawały zasady społecznej nauki Kościoła, w swojej politycznej działalności nie zawsze uwzględniały je w zakresie konkretnej realizacji w kontekście podejmowanych w sferze publicznej przedsięwzięć.

EN

This paper constitutes an attempt to show the origin and evolution of Christian Democracy as the party dominating the Italian political scene after World War II, including the assumptions of Catholic social teaching in its program. Its roots date back to the second half of the nineteenth century and were associated with the process of unification of the Kingdom of Italy and the consequence of this fact, the policy of the Italian authorities against the Church. Opposition of the papacy to unfavorable actions, also in the field of law in Italy, undertaken by subsequent Italian governments was expressed in some papal documents prohibiting the participation of secular Catholics in political life. The grassroots initiatives of the laity, however, resulted in the emergence of political organizations and, over time, political parties relating to Christian doctrine. The period of fascism in Italy, which prevented the functioning of opposition political parties, could not stop the initiatives taken in previous years in the context of building parties based programmatically on Catholic social teaching, as evidenced by the rise of Christian Democracy in Italy in 1946. It should be clearly emphasized that the functioning of The Italian Christian Democrats, although they considered the principles of the Church's social teaching as the foundations of their program, they did not always include them in their political activities in terms of actual implementation in the context of activities undertaken in the public sphere.

4

Specyfika partii chrześcijańsko-demokratycznych państw Unii Europejskiej

63%

Sokół W., Kozera M.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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2013

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vol. 5(41)

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issue 2

93-121

EN

Christian Democracy has been very influential political force in postwar Western Europe. Christian Democratic parties (developing into the people’s party) largely shaped the postwar consensus of democratic governance, anty-communism and a moderately interventionist welfare state. They also played a leading role in the creation of European Economic Community and – since the end of Cold War – its subsequent enlargement and transformation into the current European Union. Christian Democracy is fundamental for understanding postwar and post-Cold War European history and politics. This article presents specificity of Christian Democratic parties in the countries of the European Union and highlights some of the particularities and universalities of European Christian Democracy from a comparative and transnational perspectives. Authors (political scientists) examine the phenomenon of European Christian Democratic parties with respect to such issues as genesis of political parties, consociational democracy,'catch-all' party model and the concept of a political center.

5

Los católicos y la política en Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

63%

GIRAUDIER É.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2015

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issue 18

213-237

ES

En el contexto de la Guerra Fría y de apertura de la Iglesia al mundo, las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado evolucionaron hacia más complementariedad o más tensión en función del color político del Presidente de la República. A finales de los años 1940, la Iglesia católica chilena se abrió a la “cuestión social” mientras que el Estado chileno entró en un periodo de reformas y de transformaciones a veces bajo presiones estadounidenses. No obstante, a finales de los años 1960, una parte de los cristianos se entusiasmó por proyectos políticos radicales. El Golpe y la dictadura dividieron otra vez a los católicos y la Iglesia, pero la jerarquía católica se opuso frontalmente al general Pinochet que buscó un apoyo evangélico. La vuelta a la democracia, en 1990, coincidió con un cambio de contexto internacional, el fin del bloque del Este y la secularización de la sociedad. En Chile, los obispos volvieron a actividades meramente espirituales. Este artículo pone de relieve la evolución política de los católicos en un contexto internacional de Guerra Fría y de Posguerra. Por fin, se abarcaran los distintos niveles de la Iglesia católica (jerarquía, congregaciones, sacerdotes) y sus matices políticos

EN

In the context of the Cold War and open-mindedness of the Church to the world, the relationships between the Church and the State had progressed toward more complementarities or more tensions depending on the political color of the President of the Republic. In the late forties, the Chilean Catholic Church was open to the “social question” while the Chilean State began a period of reforms and transformations sometimes under the United States influence. Nevertheless, in the late sixties, a part of the Christians supported more radical political projects. The Coup and the dictatorship had divided once again the Catholics and the Church; however, the Catholic hierarchy was frontally opposed to the general Pinochet who had looked for an evangelical support. The restoration of the democracy in 1990 coincided with a change of international context, the end of the Eastern bloc and the secularization of the society. In Chile, the bishops returned to purely religious activities. This article discusses the political evolution of the Chilean Catholics in terms of the Cold War and post-Cold War. Finally, the different levels of the Catholics Church (hierarchy, congregations, priests) and their political nuances will be analyzed

6

Dyktatura parlamentarna w stanie wyjątkowym. Litewski Sejm w latach 1920–1927

63%

Buchowski K.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2019

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issue 1(150)

25–47

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1 Kwartalnik Historyczny

1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Przegląd Sejmowy

1 Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

1 Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy

1 Buchowski K.

1 GIRAUDIER É.

1 Gołubców P.

1 Kozera M.

1 Pazik P.

1 Sikorski T.

1 Sokół W.

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