The article deals with the question concerning legal responses to sexual harassment – whether those responses should be relentless in punishing and stigmatizing perpetrators and banishing them from positions where they can offend further, or whether there should be room for rehabilitating or even forgiving at least those offenders whose abusive behavior is not violent or serial. On the one hand, the importance of achieving justice and equality for women is critical. On the other hand, one may recognize the possibility of repentance and restoration of both victim and offender to society. The modern restorative justice movement, informed by Christian theology, suggests that alternative dispute resolution mechanisms should not only ensure that victims receive appropriate restoration for the harm they have suffered, but also try to restore perpetrators who accept responsibility for their offenses back into the community. It seems that practiced in the right cases, restorative justice may turn the disempowerment and fearful, sometimes guilty in-turning that victims may experience in adjudicative processes, into a freedom of giving beyond justice, and they may move the self-justificatory shame of a perpetrator into true repentance and reparatory action. At least, restorative justice may push them toward a relational dynamic that is healthier for both whether they must necessarily encounter each other in the future or free themselves from the hurt of the past.
The problem raised in this article revolves around the relationship between the activity of contemporary advisers with women’s rights in the early Christianity? The article provides a new perspective on the theory of activity of Polish Catholic family life counsellors. It presents an overview of the history and character of those advisers’ activity as well as the origin of secular women’s rights in the early Christianity (including the reasons for their gradual restriction). The article finishes with conclusions from the conducted research addressed to Catholic advisers dealing with the issues associated with family life in Poland.
PL
Problem podjęty w tej pracy brzmi: jaki jest związek działalności współczesnych doradczyń życia rodzinnego z formowaniem się praw kobiet świeckich we wczesnym chrześcijaństwie? Praca wnosi nowe treści do teoretycznych (historyczno-teologicznych) podstaw działalności katolickich doradczyń życia rodzinnego. Zaprezentowano w niej historię i charakter działalności tych doradczyń oraz formowanie się praw kobiet świeckich we wczesnym chrześcijaństwie (wraz z przyczynami ich stopniowego ograniczania). Tekst kończą wnioski płynące z odkrytej i analizowanej wiedzy dla katolickich doradczyń życia rodzinnego w Polsce.
Casilda de Antón del Olmet was one of the most renowned Andalusian authors of the first half of the 20th century. Numerous writers admired her, reviewed her books or dedicated compositions to her. Critics have included her in different volumes and monographs, offering a brief biography and sometimes inaccurate information about her figure. There is up to date no detailed analysis of her artistic production or her biography. This study presents the author with contrasted data on her biography and work, focusing on the analysis of her last essay, “Christian Feminism”, which brings together the author’s critical, philosophical, political and social thought. Within this, attention will be paid to the writer’s conception of feminism within the historical and social context in which it is framed.
ES
Casilda de Antón del Olmet fue una de las autoras andaluzas más reconocidas de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Numerosos literatos la admiraron, reseñaron sus libros o le dedicaron composiciones. La crítica la ha incluido en diferentes volúmenes y monografías, ofreciendo informaciones someras y, en ocasiones, inexactas sobre su figura. No existe aún un análisis pormenorizado de su producción artística ni de su biografía. Este estudio presenta a la autora con datos contrastados de su biografía y obra, centrándose en el análisis de su último ensayo, Feminismo cristiano, que recoge el pensamiento crítico, filosófico, político y social de la autora. Dentro de este se prestará atención a la concepción del feminismo de la escritora onubense dentro del contexto histórico y social en el que se enmarca.
The study analyzes the development of anti-modernism in Slovakia in the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on the women’s organization Catholic Women’s Unity (Katolícka jednota žien), founded in 1920. The organization was closely associated with the Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana, HSĽS), which sought to preserve traditional Christian values in Slovak society. Through a linguistic analysis of articles published in the magazine Katolícka jednota [Catholic Unity], the author shows how the organization promoted women’s public engagement, especially in relation to maternal roles that went beyond the traditional framework of the “family hearth”. In her introduction, the author situates the topic within the broader European context of the development of feminism and modernity. She notes that the organization initially entirely rejected the ideas of secular feminism, which its members felt threatened the family and religious principles, but gradually their attitudes shifted towards the ideas of Christian feminism. These efforts included social initiatives and the defense of Christian values and moral principles. According to the author, the organization gradually merged traditional values with the societal changes of the modern era, while redefining women’s roles following religious principles. The advent of the Slovak state heralded a regression from Christian feminism to traditionalism in the Catholic Women’s Union and in the pages of the magazine. The study examines the cognitive frameworks that shaped the thinking of the association as well as the linguistic strategies the organization employed to disseminate its views, and concludes that the Catholic Women’s Unity’s resistance to modernization, particularly in a religious and conservative context, became an integral part of the broader process of social transformation and modernization itself. In the conclusion, the author highlights the paradox that resistance to change often constitutes a form of active participation in it, and shows that even the most conservative movements could play a key role in shaping modern social and political developments.
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