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EN
Łukasz Raedtke, a convert from the Cistercian abbey at Przemęt would have been one of the first painters to work on commission for the abbey pa-tron, Mikołaj Antoni Łukomski, to decorate the abbey church dedicated to the Virgin Mary at Ląd. Born in or around 1685, he would have entered the Cistercian monastery in 1703 or 1704, while his death is recorded as being 4th March, 1722. Two known self-portraits of Raedtke, preserved in his own frescos at Ląd and Przemęt, depict the painter’s appearance at about 10 and 20 years of age Up until this point, the artist has remained completely absent from Polish art history, while his name has been associated exclusively with the mural paintings at Ląd. It is clear that he was author of the monumental decorative painting carried out around 1720 for the church of St. John the Baptist at Przemęt, in which his frescos decorate the presbytery walls, transept vaulting and canopies of the illusory cupolas. As a result of meagre archival information, Raedtke remains an artist whose biography is hidden beneath the surfaces of his executed works.
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The author aims to familiarise the Stanisław Samostrzelnik’s last-known works, which were polychrome decorations in the convent church, walls and vaulting of the monastery cloisters and vaulting of the library hall in the same abbey. In carrying out this commission, the artist focused on the heraldic decorations worked into this interior decoration, which can be read as a symbolic map of this religious house’s contacts within the Church structure of Małopolska, as well as representing the group of potential intimate friends and protectors of abbot Erazm Ciołek, the cannon of Cracow and Laodician bishop; a humanist fascinated by Erasmus of Rotterdam’s writings and closely connected to the royal court as well as Cracow University.
EN
At the beginning of the 11th Century, in the variegated universe that characterized the monastic religious orders with hermit tendencies, or monastic brotherhoods, and religious organizations, the choice of the habit began to take on profound implications, because it allowed people to recognize between the different communities of the sole Ecclesial body. Because of its clearly and doctrinal purpose, the problem of the garb could not be left to chance; in fact, it ended up giving rise to acrimonious quarrels between the monks, such as the chromatic controversy (black vs. white) which opposed, during the 12th Century, two French abbeys, Cluny and Citeaux, on topics not only theological, but also aesthetic. Soon it became essential to establish clear rules and policy on the choice of colour and appropriate tone to the religious lifestyle. Obviously, countless were considerations about the cut, the length of the habit, the style of the hood and, of course, the colours.
EN
Both of the above mentioned 13th century monastery foundations in Podhale -the Cistercian Szczyrzyc as well as the Franciscan Stary Sącz - played important religious, cultural and social role in the development of this region. Their founders were important people, both the voivode of Cracow Teodor Gryfita and the Cracow duchess Kinga of the Arpad family (later a saint) inscribed themselves for the work of monastery foundations in Podhale in the colonization and economic process but above all the religious and cultural life in the then Piast state.
EN
The oldest book which was on the territory of the early Piast in the second half of the tenth century derived, comes from the Benedictine scriptoria from the area of Bavaria, Saxony, Rhineland and Lorraine and contained the biblical texts and established liturgical canon necessary for the celebration of the Mass. Preserved from the twelfth century regulations of Cistercian chapters which decided that in each monastery there should be: missal, epistolary, Gospel Book, gradual, antiphonary, liber hymnarius, psaltery, lectionary and calendar. These regulations made the copywriter’s work particularly important. The importance attributed to their work is attested to, for example, by their release by the General Chapter of the Order from other duties in favor of the monastery, and by the permission in some cases to work at night. In Cistercian scriptoria apart from copying of the liturgical texts, the memorials so-called libri virorum et mortuorum, there were preparing documents for the current administrative and economic work of the monastery; in addition there were writing yearbooks, obituaries, monastery chronicles or epitaphs poem. There were recording notes of daily life outside the walls of the enclosure, names and functions of friars particularly events that took place away from the monastery or notes about elementary disasters happening in the proximate areas, the damages of monastery caused by floods, fires or epidemics. The preserved manuscript codes are an priceless source for learning the minds, interpersonal relationships prevailing in the small communities, their relations with their nearest surrounding and medieval way of seeing the world.
EN
The first historically confirmed records of the library of Szczyrzyc monastery are from the time of abbot Joahim I Cieniawski (1592-1607). Among the 40 titles of books recorded during the visitation in 1597 was: six antiphonals, eight missals, five psalters, four graduals, two copies of the Bible, homiliarz, kolektarz, the life of St. Stanislaus bishop and martyr, the St. Benedict’s rule and also Liber Definitorum, which is the book of the resolution of the General Chapters of the Cistercian. The first catalogue of books was made in 1755 and was entitled Cathalogus librorum Monasterij Ciricensis iuxta alphabetum authorum mense Augusto Anno Domini 1755. Conscriptus. It is a pity that only two initials cards including a list of books within the letter “A” were preserved until modern times. Three nineteenth century inventories provide full knowledge about this collection of books taking into account the title of a book, the author’s name, the description of a book (place and year of publication) and format of a book. The person who wrote the book made their thematic segregation. Undoubtedly the number of books, titles and in particular the authors demonstrate the need and the importance which the Szczyrzyc monastery given to the books which reading had to help the monk in his pilgrimage to God.
PL
W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań architektoniczno-archeologicznych, które przeprowadzono w 2015 r. w piwnicy z fragmentem cellarium klauzury dawnego opactwa cysterek w Trzebnicy. Po ogólnym przybliżeniu historii obiektu i stanu badań, osobno opisano zakres prac architektonicznych i archeologicznych. Końcową część artykułu stanowi próba odtworzenia i datowania przekształceń cellarium klauzury trzebnickiej. Badany fragment cellarium to pozostałość pierwszego budynku klauzury. Jego ściana zachodnia była zarazem częścią elewacji skrzydła zachodniego, a zachowany do dziś fragment pomieszczenia jest jedynym reliktem wnętrza najstarszej klauzury cysterskiego klasztoru trzebnickiego. Cellarium było dwunawowym pomieszczeniem przykrytym sklepieniami krzyżowymi wspartymi na ceglanych gurtach i kamiennym słupie. Pełniło funkcję podręcznego magazynu konwentu cysterek. Zbudowano je prawdopodobnie w latach 1203–1214. Pierwsza przebudowa cellarium nastąpiła około 1706 r. i związana była z powstaniem wielkiego barokowego budynku klauzury cysterek. Wówczas z północnej części cellarium utworzono małą piwnicę. Zmiana funkcji piwnicy nastąpiła około 1894 r. po sekularyzacji klasztoru cysterskiego i wiązała się z początkiem funkcjonowania zgromadzenia sióstr boromeuszek. Wówczas na parterze krużganka północnego urządzono kaplicę zakonną, a pod nią w piwniczce umieszczono prawdopodobnie kotłownię. Kolejna modernizacja piwnicy nastąpiła zapewne około 1909 r., gdy utworzono dużą kotłownię na wschodzie i w pomieszczeniu zbudowano betonową posadzkę, mały basen z drenażami do gromadzenia wód gruntowych i wstawiono piec do osuszania wnętrza. W czasach powojennych ubiegłego stulecia piwnica z fragmentem cellarium była podręcznym składem konwentu. Jej funkcja uległa całkowitej zmianie w 2015 r. po opisywanych badaniach architektoniczno-archeologicznych. Obecnie w jej wnętrzu zorganizowana jest ekspozycja odsłoniętych fragmentów cellarium.
EN
The article presents the results of the architectural and archaeological research which was conducted in 2015 in the basement with a fragment of the enclosure cellarium of the former Cistercian Abbey in Trzebnica. After presenting a general history of the object and the state of the research, the scope of architectural and archaeological works was described separately. The final part of the article constitutes an attempt to reconstruct and date transformations of the cellarium of the Trzebnica enclosure. The researched fragment is a remnant of the first enclosure building. Its western wall was at the same time a part of the facade of the western wing and its preserved fragment of the room is the only existing relic of the interior of the oldest convent in Trzebnica. The cellarium was a two-aisle room covered with a cross vault supported by brick arches and a stone pillar. It performed the function of an everyday storage of the Cistercian convent. It was probably erected in the years 1203–1214. The first reconstruction of the cellarium took place in around 1706 and it was connected with the construction of the great Baroque building of the Cistercian enclosure. At that time a small cellar was created in the northern part of the cellarium. A change in the function of the cellar took place in about 1894 after the secularization of the Cistercian convent and was connected with the beginning of the functioning of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charles Borromeo. Then, on the ground floor of the northern cloister a monastic chapel was arranged and under it in the cellar a boiler room was probably placed. Another modernization of the cellar took place probably in about 1909 when a large boiler room was built in the east and concrete floor, a small pool with drainage tubes to collect ground water were built as well as a stove was put there to dry the interior. In the post-war times of the 20th century the basement with a cellarium fragment served as a handy storage of the convent. This function was totally changed in 2015 following the described architectural research. At present its interiors house an exhibition of the revealed cellarium fragments.
DE
Am 4. Mai 1753 wählte das Szczyrzycer Kapitel auf seiner vom Generalvikar der Polnischen Provinz und Abt von Pelplin Hieronim Turno geleiteten Sitzung den Pelpliner Profess Florian Andrzej Gotartowski, Wappen Leliwa, zum neuen Abt von Szczyrzyc. Nach dem Vorbild seiner Vorgänger im Amt des Abtes von Szczyrzyc erwies er sich als würdiger Fortführer der noch unter dem Abt Franciszek de Hirtenberg Pastoriusz begonnenen Renovierungs- und Bauarbeiten. Ein Ausdruck seiner Sorge für die Klosterbibliothek war, dass Abt Gotartowski die Anweisung erteilte, die Bücherbestände zu notieren. Schade, dass bis in unsere Zeit nur ein Fragment des damals erstellten „Cathalogus librorum Monasterii Ciricensis iuxta alphabetum authorum mense Augusto Anno Domini 1755” erhalten geblieben ist. Es muss hervorgehoben werden, dass die erhaltenen zwei Blätter des in der Amtszeit von Abt Gotartowski erstellten Bücherverzeichnisses im Rahmen des Buchstabens „A” die Werke hervorragender Theologen und Philosophen enthalten, die die Gestaltung des christlichen Bewusstseins der vergangenen Jahrhunderte unauslöschlich geprägt haben.
DE
Das Zisterzensierkloster in Szczyrzyc entstand in der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts infolge einer Stiftung von Teodor Gryfi ta. In der Zeit der Polnischen Teilungen befand sich das Kloster im österreichischen Teilungsgebiet. Die österreichischen Behörden, die ihre Politik einer kirchlichen Reorganisation in den besetzten Gebieten konsequent durchsetzten, machten kein Geheimnis aus ihren Plänen, das Kloster zu liquidieren. Dank der in Wien intensiv unternommenen Bemühungen und insbesondere aufgrund der vom Kloster geleiteten Schule und Pfarrgemeinde konnte die Aufl ösung des Klosters letztendlich doch noch verhindert werden. Es existiert somit ununterbrochen bis auf den heutigen Tag. Wegen der unternommenen Versuche, das Kloster zu liquidieren und seinen Status zu verändern (von der Abtei zum Priorat), sind seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die letzten Jahre hinein immer wieder Hypothesen aufgetaucht, ein Teil der wertvollen Bibliotheksbestände sei aus dem Kloster in Szczyrzyc nach Lemberg, Tarnów oder Petersburg abtransportiert worden. Aber nach erfolgter Analyse der erhaltenen Inventarverzeichnisse der Klosterbücher aus dem 19. Jahrhundert und vor allem der Bibliothek selbst muss eine solche Eventualität ausgeschlossen werden. Aufgrund des hier und da erhaltenen Exemplars eines aus dem Kloster in Szczyrzyc stammenden Buches fi ndet die These von der Fortschaffung des gesamten Bestandes der Klosterbibliothek oder eines größeren Teils davon wohl kaum eine Bestätigung.
EN
In the period from 25th March until 14th May 2006 at ,Old Synagogue Gallery, affiliated to the Circuit Museum in Nowy Sącz, ,Historical Writing of Cistercian Fathers of Szczyrzyc was exhibited. The purpose of the exhibition was to display the most valuable and the oldest historical writings kept in custody of the Archive and the Cistercian Library in Szczyrzyc, and to appeal the same to a wider audience. The exhibition inter alia covered: medieval parchments with seals, manuscript books, beautifully decorated antiphonaries, graduals and cantionals and old prints as well as the only incunabula found in Poland. Moreover, the exhibition was complemented with the Cistercian costumes, enlarged reproductions of pages of historic books, and pictures that normally decorate the walls of the monastery in Szczyrzyc.  
DE
Der Artikel betrifft die in den Tauf-, Trauungs- und Begräbnisbüchern der Pfarrei Babimost (heute Diözese Zielona Gora-Gorzow) vom Ende des 17. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts erwähnten Geistlichen. Der Autor untersuchte 11 Kirchenbücher, die sich im Pfarrarchiv in Babimost befinden. Die 246 dort erwähnten Geistlichen wurden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Zur ersten Gruppe gehören die Geistlichen, die sich von Amts wegen mit der Seelsorge befaßten - die Präpositen sowie ihre Helfer (Kommenden-Vikare, Altaristen, Kapläne, Präbendare, Prediger und emeritie1ie Geistliche). Die zweite Gruppe bilden die Welt- und Ordenspriester, die die heiligen Sakramente vertretungshalber verwalteten oder aus persönlichen Gründen des Schreibers in den Matrikelbüchern erwähnt wurden. In der dritten Gruppe befinden sich diejenigen Geistlichen, die aufgrund fehlender Angaben im Quellenmaterial keiner der obigen Gruppen zugeordnet werden können. Diese Arbeit stellt eine Huldigung an alle Priester der Pfarrei Babimost dar, die im Berichtszeitraum die Geschichte der katholischen Kirche im Lebuser Land mitgeschrieben haben.
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EN
The paper describes life and work of father Włodzimierz Cieński (1897-1983), priest of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv (1924), member of the Union of Armed Struggle in Lviv (1939-1940), political prisoner in Lviv and Moscow (1940-1941), chief/deputy chief of the Catholic chaplaincy of the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR (1941-1942), Polish Armed Forces in the East (1942-1943) and the Polish II Corps (1943-1946), vicar general of the field bishop for the troops in the Middle East and Italy (1944-1946), military chaplain in the Polish Resettlement Corps in Great Britain (1946-1949), priest of the Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales (1949-1954) and a Cistercian-Trappist in Normandy (1955-1983). The article also presents the origins behind nomination of Major/ Lieutenant Colonel Cieński for head of the Catholic field chaplaincy of the Polish troops in the Soviet Union in 1941. Printed sources include Cieński’s memoirs from 1939-1942 published in episodes in the journal ‚Duszpasterz Polski Zagranicą’ in Rome in 1985-1986.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony osobie księdza Włodzimierza Cieńskiego (1897-1983), duchownego archidiecezji lwowskiej obrządku łacińskiego (1924), członka Związku Walki Zbrojnej we Lwowie (1939-1940), więźnia politycznego we Lwowie i w Moskwie (1940-1941), szefa/zastępcy szefa katolickiego duszpasterstwa polowego Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w ZSRR (1941-1942), Armii Polskiej na Wschodzie (1942-1943) i II Korpusu (1943-1946), wikariusza generalnego biskupa polowego dla wojsk na Środkowym Wschodzie i we Włoszech (1944-1946), kapelana wojskowego w Polskim Korpusie Przysposobienia i Rozmieszczenia w Wielkiej Brytanii (1946-1949), duchownego Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Anglii i Walii (1949-1954) oraz cystersa-trapisty w Normandii (1955-1983). W artykule przedstawiono genezę nominacji majora/podpułkownika Cieńskiego na stanowisko szefa katolickiego duszpasterstwa polowego wojsk polskich w Związku Radzieckim w 1941 roku na tle biografii tytułowego bohatera. Wśród źródeł drukowanych należy wyróżnić wspomnienia Cieńskiego za lata 1939-1942 wydane w odcinkach w czasopiśmie „Duszpasterz Polski Zagranicą” w Rzymie w latach 1985-1986.
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