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EN
The aim of this article is to interpret songs by Gabriel Faure, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and a less-known composer − Irena Wieniawska (1879−1932), based on the same poems by Paul Verlaine. In the first part of this paper, the relationships between Wieniawska, Faure, Debussy, Ravel and Verlaine are subsequently described. Then, the author makes a comparison between selected songs by French composers and Madame Poldowski, indicating main similarities and differences. The final part consists of some remarks related to the fact that Wieniawska fulfills features of the French melodie very strictly. This is why her songs seem to be more traditional, not as allusive and sophisticated as Debussy’s or Ravel’s vocal works.
EN
The aim of this article is to interpret songs by Gabriel Fauré, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and a less‑known composer—Irena Wieniawska (1879−1932), based on the same poems by Paul Verlaine. In the first part of this paper, the relationships between Wieniawska, Fauré, Debussy, Ravel and Verlaine are subsequently described. Then, the author makes a comparison between selected songs by French composers and Madame Poldowski, indicating main similarities and differences. The final part consists of some remarks related to the fact that Wieniawska fulfills features of the French mélodie very strictly. This is why her songs seem to be more traditional, not as allusive and sophisticated as Debussy’s or Ravel’s vocal works.
EN
The article concerns the late works by Claude Debussy – three of Six sonates pour instruments divers (the only three he had finished before his death). The analysis, particularly analysis of their form, is the main topic of this paper. The author considers the form of the sonatas in the context of the political and sociological tendency to return to the “real” French music. This idea, very popular in France in the late 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, could have had some impact on Debussy’s last works. The aim of this paper is to describe the influence of these tendencies on the form of Debussy’s sonatas and to prove that they imposed the change of his creative attitude.
PL
Artykuł oscyluje wokół problematyki późnych dzieł C. Debussy’ego – trzech z zaplanowanych Sześciu sonat na różne instrumenty, które udało mu się dokończyć przed śmiercią. Głównym celem jest analiza układu formalnego, jaki zastosował w nich kompozytor. Rozwiązania formalne ujęte zostały w kontekście polityczno-społecznym Francji XIX/XX w., przesyconym nacjonalistycznymi poglądami na sztukę muzyczną. Tendencje te wywarły bowiem silny wpływ na kształt późnej twórczości Debussy’ego. Artykuł opisuje i charakteryzuje ten wpływ oraz dowodzi, iż ówczesna sytuacja społeczna zmieniła podejście kompozytora do procesu twórczego.
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