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EN
In the author’s opinion the amendment would result, inter alia, in adapting the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure relating to the declaration of invalidity of administrative decisions to the principles emanating from Article 2 of the Constitution. The amendment does not preclude other ways of changing the state of affairs resulting from the decisions referred to in the proposed Article 156 §3 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. Specific legal effects of the amendment will depend on the direction and method of interpretation of not quite explicitly formulated provision, according to which a particular administrative decision “was the basis for the acquisition of a right or creates a reasonable expectation of acquisition of a right.
EN
The author attempts to determine the legal status of bioethics committees. Based on the analysis of the norms of administrative law, he claims that bioethics committees are public administration authorities whose enactments – under the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure – should be considered as administrative decisions.. Moreover, the argument (shared by the doctrine and case law) that if the legislature does not specify the form of settlement of the matter by the authority, the form of an administrative decision should be presumed, speaks in favour of treating committee opinions as administrative decisions. The conditions – defined by the jurisprudence – requisite for recognition of a decision due to its individual and concrete character, are also presented.
EN
The Sejm, as a body of legislative power, is not a public administration body within the meaning of the Code of Administrative Procedure. Thus there is no obligation to apply the provisions of this act. The Sejm committees, which are internal organs of the chamber, also have no obligation to do so. They cannot be a party to proceedings before an administrative court. The Code of Administrative Procedure provides for the possibility of referring a complaint to the Sejm or its internal body (committee), but there are no legal provisions regulating the procedure of examining complaints against state authorities other than executive organs.
EN
The author provides an opinion on the original bill (before the adoption of amendments). The bill is aimed at implementing the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal concerning the admissibility of declaration of invalidity of an administrative decision issued with a gross infringement of law, when a significant period of time has passed since the decision was issued and the decision was the basis for acquiring a right or an expectancy. The thirty-year period for the declaration of invalidity of such a decision may lead to the limitation of the principle of durability of an administrative decision. According to the author, the refusal to initiate administrative proceedings would exclude the possibility of the so-called prejudication.
EN
The article addresses the imputed inconsistency with Polish Constitution of the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure which require application of Article 160 of the Code of Administrative Procedure in the wording valid before 30 September 2003 in relation to claims for compensation of damages, including lost benefits as a result of an administrative decision issued before 1 September 2004. The authors claims that the questioned provision of the Code of Civil Procedure is inconsistent with Article 77 (1) in conjunction with Article 2 and Article 32 of the Constitution and is not inconsistent with Article 21 (1) and Article 64 (1) and (2) of the Constitution.
EN
In the proposed draft position the author claims that the contested article of the Act – Geological and Mining Law is compatible with Article 45 para. 1 of the Constitution. The decision approving the concession for the extraction of minerals from the deposit is related to environmental decision - the arrangements on the environment protection and environmental impact of the project, contained in the environmental decision are binding on the entity awarding concessions. Environmental decision are subject to oversight both the appellate and court proceedings. The author argues that the instruments provided for by the legislature ensure protection of the interests of owners of property adjacent to that on which projects negatively affecting the environment (including neighbourhood) are carried out.
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2018
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vol. 63
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issue 2 (379)
114-131
EN
The largest – since 1990 – amendment of the administrative procedure entered into force on 1st June 2017. It was part of the “100 Changes for Companies – A Facilitation Package for Enterpreneurs” (Polish: 100 zmian dla firm – Pakiet ułatwień dla przedsiębiorców) elaborated by the Ministry of Development. The amendment has introduced many new legal institutions that change not only the manner of the administrative procedure, but its very philosophy as well. The article attempts to evaluate the new solutions and adopted changes, as well as to present the problematic areas still present in the Code of Administrative Procedure, including de lege ferenda proposals.
PL
The provisions of the Act of 7 April 2017 amending the Act - Administrative Procedure Code and some other acts, made significant changes to the Act on the Administrative Procedure Code. The purpose of this amendment was to change the perception of the administration from a position of power to a more friendly interest, to implement the principle of citizens’ trust to the state authorities. Important practical significance in this scope is to meet the new general principle of ,,friendly interpretation of law” (in dubio pro libertate) introduced in the added Article 7a of Administrative Procedure Code and a new rule for resolving doubts in favor of the party added in Art. 81a of Administrative Procedure Code, which relates to evidence. Both principles are to protect the individual from the imperious ruling authority, which in case of doubt, their weight and consequences often throws them at the side, as the weakest subject of the administrative relationship. In the light of both regulations, in case of doubts as to whether the provisions are properly interpreted or factual, the authority is obliged to resolve the dispute in favor of party to the administrative proceedings.
EN
The article discusses the scope of application of the Code of Administrative Proceedings in the supervisory proceedings conducted by the voivod on acts of local government bodies. This issue is examined in the context of given by the Code of Administrative Proceedings guarantees of procedural fairness and self-reliance of local governments. The article analyses also the elements of described proceedings conducted by the voivod and practical problems connected with it, especially for the administrative courts.
EN
The legal and administrative status of the entrepreneur in the Polish legal order is determined by the provisions of substantive and procedural administrative law. The basic form of operation of the public administration by means of which the administrative and legal status of entrepreneurs is created is the administrative decision. Under the administrative act, entrepreneurs are granted allowances and obligations. Another is the legal effect of non-compliance with the permission and another the obligation. No implementation of the obligation updates the authority’s ability to apply to the addressee of the administrative measure coercive in the enforcement proceedings.
PL
Status administracyjnoprawny przedsiębiorcy w polskim porządku prawnym wyznaczony jest przez przepisy prawa administracyjnego materialnego i procesowego. Podstawową formą działania administracji publicznej, za pomocą której kreowany jest status administracyjnoprawny przedsiębiorcy, jest decyzja administracyjna. Na mocy aktu administracyjnego podmiotom, które prowadzą działalność gospodarczą, są przyznawane uprawnienia oraz nakładane są na nie obowiązki. Inny jest skutek prawny niewykonania przez przedsiębiorcę uprawnienia, a inny – niewykonania obowiązku. Brak realizacji obowiązku aktualizuje po stronie organów państwowych kompetencje do zastosowania wobec adresata aktu administracyjnego środków przymusu w ramach postępowania egzekucyjnego.
11
51%
PL
Mediacja w procedurze administracyjnej jest nową instytucją, dającą szansę na bardziej przyjazne postrzeganie administracji publicznej, ale stwarzającą też wiele wątpliwości. Wynikają one przede wszystkim z charakteru władztwa administracyjnego organów administracji, ale nie tylko. Jako barierę wskazuje się bowiem także zasadę praworządności i prawdy obiektywnej oraz zasadę dobrowolności mediacji, która może zostać wykorzystana w niewłaściwy sposób, sprzeczny z założeniami ustawodawcy. Jak wynika z analizy tytułowego zagadnienia, w postępowaniu administracyjnym jest miejsce na mediację. Jednak to, czy spełni ona pokładane w niej nadzieje, zależy w dużej mierze od postawy stron i organów administracji, a właściwie jej pracowników, dla których mediacja stanowi niewątpliwie wyzwanie w płaszczyźnie nie tylko procesowej, lecz także mentalnościowej. Wprowadzenie mediacji do k.p.a. należy ocenić pozytywnie przede wszystkim w odniesieniu do realizacji zasady wzbudzania zaufania obywateli do władzy publicznej. Mediacja może też stanowić skuteczny instrument eliminowania konfliktów w administracji, a przez to również przyczynić się do ograniczenia liczby spraw wymagających rozpatrzenia przez sądy administracyjne. Ważne jednak, aby stworzona szansa została właściwie wykorzystana i aby nastąpiła dalsza transformacja charakteru administracji z władczej na mediacyjną, bardziej przyjazną podmiotom administrowanym. Jest to trend nie tylko polskiego ustawodawstwa, lecz także innych państw, za którym powinniśmy podążać.
EN
Mediation in the administrative procedure is a new institution that provides a chance for an improved perception of public administration, yet it also gives rise to a range of doubts. The latter spring chiefly, though not solely, from the nature of administrative control. The principles of the rule of law, objective law, and voluntary mediation, which may be taken an improper advantage of, contrary to the legislator’s intentions, are also identified as barriers. Analysis of the issue implies that administrative proceedings leave room for mediation. Whether it will fulfil expectations, however, largely depends on the attitudes of parties and administrative authorities, or their employees, to be precise, for whom mediation is undoubtedly both a processual and mental challenge. The introduction of mediation to the Code of Administrative Procedure is to be applauded, mainly from the perspective of inducing citizens’ trust in public authorities. Mediation may also prove an effective instrument of eliminating conflicts in administration and thus contribute to reducing the caseload to be heard by administrative courts. It is important, though, for this opportunity to be taken proper advantage of and for the transformation of administration from controlling to mediating and more friendly to subjects administered to continue. This is a trend that deserves to be followed not only in Polish but also other legislations.
PL
It should be noted that not every monetary penalty can be mitigated pursuant to article 189d of the Code of Administrative Procedure – if special provisions include premises which should be followed by the authority in the course of imposing a penalty, then it is impossible to make auxiliary use of the guidelines expressed in the Code (following the principle lex specialis derogat legi generali). Pursuant to article 40 (12) of the Act on Public Roads, the occupation of the road lane for non-road purposes without appropriate permission is punishable with an administrative monetary penalty. In this article, the authors discuss the admissibility of mitigation of the administrative monetary penalty for the occupation of the road lane in the light of article 189d of the Code of Administrative Procedure.
EN
This article presents the problems of administrative fines in the Code of Administrative Procedure. These solutions were introduced to this act in 2017. The amendment to the Code of Administrative Procedure provided for the introduction of a new section (Section VIa), the provisions of which lay down the rules for imposing administrative penalties, ie penalties, cases justifying waiving the imposition of a penalty and granting the public administration authority the prescription, limitation of the imposition and enforcement of the penalty, and also the rules of postponement, payment in installments and cancellation of penalties. This article presents only selected issues of the regulation of imposing administrative fines in the Code of Administrative Procedure.
EN
By the judgement of 8 May 2018 (II OSK 1926/17), the Supreme Administrative Court dismissed the cassation appeal of the Lublin Provincial Heritage Conservation Officer against the judgement of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Lublin of 6 April 2017 (II SA/Lu 1119/16), in which the Court found ineffective inclusion of a real estate monument record card (the area of the former Jewish cemetery in Biłgoraj at Maria Konopnicka Street) in the provincial record of historical monuments. The Supreme Administrative Court stressed that although the judgement under appeal was incorrectly reasoned, it was in accordance with the law since there were grounds for declaring the contested act ineffective. The aforementioned judgement deserves attention due to the fact that it expresses the position that it is impossible to apply the general principles of the Code of Administrative Procedure in the proceedings conducted by the provincial heritage conservation officer concerning the inclusion of the record card of a historical monument in the provincial record of monuments. The purpose of the gloss is to refer to this view.
PL
Wyrokiem z dnia 8 maja 2018 r. (II OSK 1926/17) Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny oddalił skargę kasacyjną Lubelskiego Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków od wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Lublinie z dnia 6 kwietnia 2017 r. (II SA/Lu 1119/16) stwierdzającego bezskuteczność czynności polegającej na włączeniu do wojewódzkiej ewidencji zabytków nieruchomości położonej w Biłgoraju przy ul. Marii Konopnickiej jako obszaru byłego cmentarza żydowskiego. NSA podkreślił, że choć zaskarżony wyrok został wadliwie uzasadniony, to odpowiada prawu, gdyż istniały podstawy do stwierdzenia bezskuteczności zaskarżonej czynności. Wyrok NSA zasługuje na uwagę, ponieważ wyraża stanowisko o braku możliwości stosowania przepisów ogólnych Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego w postępowaniu prowadzonym przez wojewódzkiego konserwatora zabytków w przedmiocie włączenia karty ewidencyjnej zabytku do wojewódzkiej ewidencji zabytków. Celem glosy jest rewizja tego poglądu.
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