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EN
The article deals with the functioning of the National Unity Government in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The formation of a government embracing both candidates that participated in the second round of 2014 presidential elections—Dr Ashraf Ghani as the president and Dr Abdullah Abdullah as the “CEO”—ensured a peaceful transfer of power, but a closer look at the National Unity Government reveals threats to its long-term stability. Those are rooted in the traditional expectations of the winners, as Ghani’s advocates look forward to high positions and money. At the same time, Ashraf Ghani is alienating some of his supporters, probably due to his genuine determination to reform the Afghan state. This could undermine his position, strengthening former president Hamid Karzai, who still has a say in internal Afghan politics, or Abdullah Abdullah. Another factor undermining the stability of the government in Kabul is the ongoing conflict with the Taliban and the presence of Daesh representatives in Afghanistan. Hence this government is an important experiment in the political history of the country, in particular due to the peaceful transfer of power, but the process has not been completed yet.
EN
Considering that the beginning of the 21st century saw the emergence of a third meaning of the word “to communicate” – to negotiate, the author sets out to explore the challenges it supposes in today’s dangerous, multipolar world, where the respect for alterity and the construction of cohabitation have become the keys of peace and war. The author concludes that the political challenge of communication in the 21st century will be to enable the peaceful cohabitation of the same and the different in open societies, where economy will no longer be the only horizon of human beings.
PL
Od ponad pół wieku Europa doświadcza zasadniczych zmian demograficznych. Wiele z tych zmian dotyczy rodziny, w tym sposobu jej formowania. Wśród przyczyn stopniowego odchodzenia od małżeństwa na rzecz związków partnerskich demografowie wskazują m.in. zmiany kulturowe zachodzące w społeczeństwach europejskich. Rzadko natomiast jako czynnik wpływający na zachowania jednostki traktuje się kontekst instytucjonalny, w tym stopień rozwoju uregulowań prawnych w zakresie związków innych niż małżeńskie. W artykule opisano ewolucję zmian w prawie rodzinnym w odniesieniu do związków partnerskich oraz porównanie rozwiązań w państwach, w których regulacje dotyczące takich związków są najpełniejsze (tj. w Holandii i Francji). W ostatniej części artykułu omówiono również regulacje obowiązujące obecnie w Polsce (stan prawny na 30 czerwca 2014 r.).
EN
Since more than 50 years we can observe significant changes in family formation and development in Europe. The changes are usually explained stressing the role of cultural factors and the level of development of institutional context – i.a. the legal norms concerning different forms of unions is often neglected. The article presents the progress of statutory regulation of extra-marital cohabitation in Europe as well as the providing the description of the most advanced legal systems concerning registered partnership (France and the Netherlands). The regulation in Poland is also mentioned.
EN
Under the influence of a changing cultural mentality, divorce and cohabitation have become an acceptable and common matter for most Catholics (not only) in Slovakia. The experience gained through the pastoral care of the divorced and remarried reveals, in a similar way as the exhortation Amoris Laetitia, that many Catholics who ask for the sacrament of marriage have not been sufficiently evangelized and catechized. It is a challenge inviting us not only to further development of the pastoral care of the divorced but also to the innovation of pastoral care of marriage and the family, especially in terms of filling the gap of the missing evangelization of the couples asking for marriage and the overall accompaniment of young spouses taking the form of mystagogical catechesis and spiritual direction. We provide several basic impulses for creating a program of evangelization and mystagogical catechesis as a stimulus for the creativity of parish and diocesan communities that can best realize a living communion where the faith is lived and transmitted as part of a particular, everyday lifestyle.
PL
Życie w społeczeństwie wielokulturowym narzuca wymóg intersubiektywnego podejścia do spraw jedności i specyfiki. Oznacza to, że człowiek musi być postrzegany jako jednostka, a zarazem ma stać się autentycznym partnerem w dialogu. Kontakt z innymi osobami, może wymagać pewnej adaptacji, ale z zachowaniem zasady poszanowania odrębności, wymaga on również zwrócenia uwagi na ryzyko odseparowania lub poczucia zagubienia.
EN
The cohabitation in a multicultural society asks for an inter-subjectivity in terms of unity and specificity. It requires that the individual be recognized, and together become authentic partners of dialogue. In encountering others, some points of insertions may be needed but with the necessity to respect the principle of distinction, and to have an objective to look on the risk of separation or the one of confusion. Cultural diversity allows then the dialectic that will be shown in the training liberties by constructive dialogue. When diversity, an archetypal value of cohabitation breaks the challenges of the exclusivist “we” and the one of a bitter “they”, it results in a cross-culturality, as long as self and other gratitude, and to an interior and exterior reconciliation. Living together in a world of a plurality of culture, is not an impoverishment, or a personal ruin, because every cultural identity can reveal itself and transform our life.
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