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1
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks spółek handlowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Pinior P.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
106-123
EN
The possibility of choosing a management system for a simple joint stock company, between a dualistic system of company bodies and a monistic one should be assessed positively. Another feature of a simple joint-stock company is the lack of fixed share capital, which is replaced by variable share capital without a defined minimum value, and the possibility to subscribe for shares in exchange for contributions in the form of the provision of work or services. In this respect, the bill does not meet the requirements of minimum creditor protection. Introduction of many new solutions for a simple joint-stock company will cause interpretative doubts regarding the functioning of a limited liability company or a joint-stock company.
2
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks spółek handlowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
95-99
EN
Adoption of the act will result in the introduction to legal trading of a simple joint-stock company (PSA), whose legal structure is inconsistent with the basic assumptions of the existing commercial companies system, as PSA shareholders are not liable for the company’s obligations or are not obliged to cover the minimum share capital prior to the formation of the company. Simple joint stock companies will not be obliged to establish a supervisory board, what may weaken internal control mechanisms in these entities. According to the bill, a PSA may be established for any legally permissible purpose, so that companies of this kind will not be established for the sole purpose of conducting business based on innovation. Therefore, solutions that are primarily intended to facilitate the development of innovative undertakings, can become a commonly used instrument to avoid personal liability for obligations.
3
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks spółek handlowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Russel P.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
100-105
EN
Shareholders of a simple joint-stock company (PSA) would neither be obliged to cover the minimum share capital prior to the formation of the company, nor they would be liable for the company’s obligations. The PSAs may be established for any legally permissible purpose, not only in the case of new innovative high-risk projects (start-ups), but also in situations where personal liability for liabilities incurred by the company is avoided. The creditor security mechanisms proposed in the bill may not be sufficient to satisfy PSA’s creditors.
4
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks spółek handlowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Romanowski M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
124-149
EN
There is no need to introduce a new type of capital company into the Commercial Companies Code. The objectives indicated by the sponsor of the bill can be achieved within the framework of a simple reform of the limited liability company. The bill introduces numerous solutions without taking into account solutions regardinglimited liability company and joint stock company, thus leading to the destabilization and disruption of the system of capital companies law. Without a substantive justification, differentiated solutions of the same issues were introduced with regard to simple joint-stock company, limited liability company and joint-stock company.
5
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Konsekwencje prawne działania organu osoby prawnej – Polskiego Związku Łowieckiego – w niepełnym składzie

100%
Sobolewski P.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 3(79)
247-256
EN
Neither the Hunting Act provisions, nor the Statutes of the Polish Hunting Association define the legal consequences of the action of the incomplete Hunting Council. Provisions of the Civil Code may apply to Council resolutions of a civil law nature. It is doubtful if jurisprudence developed in relation to commercial companies may be applied to the Association’s bodies, due to the significant differences between such companies and the Polish Hunting Association. When applying the principles developed in jurisprudence, it is important to note that, according to the Supreme Court, formal defects concerning the adoption of resolutions that do not affect the contents of the adopted resolution do not affect its legitimacy.
6

Kadłubowe organy spółki kapitałowej wobec zasad reprezentacji osób prawnych

100%
Ciaptacz J.
Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne
|
2017
|
vol. 21
47-60
EN
The point of this paper is to answer the question what are the consequences of representing the commercial company by a corporate body without the required number of members. The author analyses this problem considering the general rules of representation of Limited Liability Company and Joint-Stock Company. The Polish legal system does not contain clear regulation relating to consequences of acting in the name of the company without appropriate entitlement, that is why it is thought to be one of the most controversial problems in Polish corporation law. This paper contains critical analyses of different views formed in the doctrine and in the judicial practice and it is an attempt to solve the dilemma connected with companies’ relations with third parties, when the corporate body do not have the minimal required number of members.
7
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Notariusz jako wspólnik spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością

75%
Sokołowska D.
Themis Polska Nova
|
2014
|
issue 1(6)
92-115
EN
The article is an attempt to answer the question concerning the legal issue of notaries taking up partnership in a limited liability companies in the light of Art. 19 of the Act of Law on Notarial Services of 14 February 1991? The undertaken analysis considers also regulations of the Commercial Companies Code. Conclusions resulting from the presented analysis are clear and unambiguous, asides of legal side of the problem, they also present it in the light of moral issues.
8
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Zakaz wydawania wiążących poleceń przez radę nadzorczą zarządowi spółki z o.o.

63%
Kawalec G. A.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2023
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vol. 21
|
issue 1
83-99
EN
This article deals with the interpretation of the concept of “issuing binding orders” contained in Article 219 § 2 of the Code of Commercial Companies. This concept has been analyzed in terms of the application of the applicable regulation in practice. In the article, the greatest attention was focused on the possibility of influencing the management board by the supervisory board in matters of the basic functioning of the discussed form of commercial law company. Considering the adopted practice of a “strong” management board and a “weak” supervisory board, the author focused on analyzing Article 219 § 2 of the Commercial Companies Code in relation to the indicated practice and the admissibility of influencing the supervisory board on the management board’s activities regarding the conduct of the company’s affairs.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestie interpretacji pojęcia „wydawania wiążących poleceń” zawartego w art. 219 § 2 kodeksu spółek handlowych. Pojęcie to zostało przeanalizowane pod kątem stosowania w praktyce obowiązującej regulacji. W artykule największa uwaga została skupiona na możliwości wpływania na zarząd przez radę nadzorczą w kwestiach podstawowego funkcjonowania omawianej formy spółki prawa handlowego. Mając na względzie przyjętą praktykę „silnego” zarządu i „słabej” rady nadzorczej, Autor skupił się na przeanalizowaniu art. 219 § 2 k.s.h. w odniesieniu do wskazanej praktyki oraz dopuszczalności wpływania rady nadzorczej na działania zarządu odnośnie prowadzenia spraw spółki.
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