Search results - CEJSH

1

TOURISM IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

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Marzewski T.

Studia Periegetica

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2012

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vol. 7

9-29

EN

Linking tourism with various areas, including areas covered by common EU policies, poses the question about the position of tourism. One of those areas is agriculture, and the Common Agricultural Policy – CAP – that stimulates its development. The author of the article ventures to determine the place occupied by tourism in the Common Agricultural Policy. Over the years, a change could be observed in using tourism to meet the intermediate goals of the CAP. The change in approach is closely connected with the change of the main goals of the policy. Initially, CAP’s key objective was to increase agricultural production – that is why the need to stimulate non-agricultural activities, such as tourism, was largely overlooked. However, with the shifting of weight from the production increase to the development of rural areas, it is now being gradually treated as an important instrument in the structural policy. It has become the second basic segment of EU’s CAP, next to the pricemarket policy.

2

THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND EU FUNDS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ACCESSION OF POLAND TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

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Rdzanek D.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2014

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vol. 43

298-310

EN

The basic function of agricultural areas is, according to the European Charter for Rural Areas, agriculture and preservation of the natural environment based on a well-functioning agricultural sector that operates in harmony with nature. The Council Regulation (EC) 1257/1999 on support for rural development from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee was adopted in 1999. The programmes that are currently binding in the territory of Poland were developed in accordance with the EU policy expressed in the abovementioned acts and other documents concerning development of rural areas. These included: the Rural Development Programme that focused on social and environmental aspects, as well as a part of the Sectoral Operational Programme devoted to the development of rural areas, as well as restructuring and modernization of the food sector. Based on the priorities of the Council regulation, two strategic objectives have been set: 1) Improvement of competitiveness of the agriculture and food economy, 2) Sustainable development of rural areas. Implementation of these objectives requires the support of the Common Agricultural Policy. Polish European Union membership contributed to setting its objectives and increasing the ability to subsidise economic entities, as well as develop both the food and rural areas economy.

3

REALIZACJA ZALESIEŃ GRUNTÓW ROLNYCH ORAZ GRUNTÓW INNYCH NIŻ ROLNE W RAMACH PROW 2007-2013

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Kowalski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 19

EN

With purpose of converting the arable land into forest and other ground than enlarging wooded areas and holding and improving the ecological stability are agricultural of wooded areas by reducingthe fragmentation of forest complexes and building eco-friendly corridors. Moreover they expect increasing the participation of forests in global balance of coal and the restriction of climate change. Afforestation rates on lands of the weak quality have an economic justification on account of their low productivity and simultaneously are doing good for keeping the biodiversity.

4

Nowe warunki udzielania wsparcia finansowego grupom producentów rolnych w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej

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Żochowska A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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vol. 14

401-418

EN

Group of agricultural producers in the EU legislation is the preferred form of running an agricultural activity. The European Union in order to encourage individual farmers to cooperate within a group of agricultural producers introduced a number of incentive instruments, including a system of direct financial assistance to the group. Financial support from the European Union financial resources groups of agricultural producers receive from May 01st, 2004. Currently, the procedure and conditions for financial assistance granted to groups under the Common Agricultural Policy for the years 2014-2020 were largely modified. The above mentioned changes become effective from August 19th, 2016 and are strictly connected with the entry into force of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development dated August 02nd, 2016 On Detailed Conditions and Procedure for Granting Payment and Reimbursement of Financial Aid under the Action: „Setting up Producer Groups and Producer Organizations”. Under the new rules, financial assistance from the European Union may only receive a group of agricultural producers consisting solely of individuals. The legislator therefore limits the number of potential beneficiaries of aid excluding legal persons and organizational units without legal personality and with legal capacity. Moreover, financial aid would not be granted to a group of agricultural producers which had already received financial assistance from the EU budget funds. In addition, the legislator in the new Regulation introduced a number of criteria on which basis depends the order of granting financial aid. The analysis of the above criteria leads to the conclusion that the financial assistance is directed to the agricultural producer groups operating in the form of a cooperative, including at least 10 members, at the area with high agrarian fragmentation.

5

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS IN THE EU REGIONAL POLICY

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Marzewski T.

Studia Periegetica

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2012

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vol. 7

31-51

EN

Over the years a change could be observed in the use of tourism to meet the goals of the EU’s regional policy covering the rural areas. The change is closely connected with the role played by the regional policy within rural areas. The expansion of the regional policy saw a parallel increase in importance of tourism as a tool for executing the policy. In the beginnings of the European Community the most important task for rural areas was food production. The need to develop non-agricultural activities, such as tourism, was noticed much later. However, with the shifting of weight from agricultural production increase to development of rural areas, it has been gradually treated as an important instrument in the structural policy. The objective of the article is to verify the thesis that the evolution of regional policy was accompanied by a change in approach to developing tourism within rural areas.

6

Opinie polskich rolników i mieszkańców wsi dotyczące wspólnej polityki rolnej przed i po 2004 roku

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Greta M., Tomczak-Woźniak E., Kowalski J.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2013

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issue 2(28)

EN

The purpose of the article are both an analysis, the evaluation and the presentation of changes of the opinion of farmers and country dwellers on the subject: influences of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to rural areas, position of the Polish government with reference to negotiated conditions and implementing principles of CAP, as well as the anxieties associated with the accession and with functioning of the agriculture of the united Europe. For the purposes of the study there were used findings of the Institute of public affairs from 1999 and findings from own research realised between 06-08.2012. Findings indicated, that within the last decade attitude of farmers and country dwellers with regard to the European Union and its financial instruments of the support, evolved from the position of the extreme scepticism to moderate euroenthusiasm.

PL

Opracowanie stanowi próbę prezentacji i oceny zmian opinii rolników i mieszkańców wsi na temat: wejścia Polski w struktury UE, oddziaływania Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej (WPR) na obszary wiejskie, stanowiska polskiego rządu w odniesieniu do negocjacji warunków i implementacji zasad WPR, a także obaw związanych z akcesją i funkcjonowaniem rolnictwa w strukturach zjednoczonej Europy. Na potrzeby opracowania wykorzystano wyniki badań Instytutu Spraw Publicznych (ISP) z 1999 roku oraz wyniki badań własnych z okresu od czerwca do sierpnia 2012 roku. Zebrane informacje świadczą o tym, iż w ciągu ostatniej dekady postawa rolników i mieszkańców wsi względem Unii Europejskiej (UE) i jej finansowych instrumentów wsparcia uległa ewolucji, z pozycji skrajnego sceptycyzmu do umiarkowanego euroentuzjazmu.

7

Francuska batalia o Wspólną Politykę Rolneą w okresie rządów generała Charlesa de Gaulle’a w latach 1958-1969

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Mikołajczyk M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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issue 4(353)

218-239

EN

The object of the article is to show the role of France under de Gaulle’s rule in the preparation of the Common Agricultural Policy in the years 1958-1969 as well as to answer the question whether the CAP met the hopes that de Gaulle and the French farmers placed in it. Three issues are discussed: France’s activity for the creation of the CAP in the years 1958-1962, controversies over establishing common prices for agricultural goods and efforts to develop a system of financing the CAP. The article argues that under de Gaulle’s rule France played a decisive role in the creation of the CAP as the French leader wanted to turn it into an instrument which was to help modernize and restructure French agriculture thus contributing to the improvement of the living conditions of French farmers. In the case of France the balance of the CAP in the period of de Gaulle’s rule was rather positive although not all of the initially assumed goals were achieved.

8

Francuska batalia o Wspólną Politykę Rolną w okresie rządów generała Charles`a de Gaulle’a w latach 1958-1969

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Mikołajczyk M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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issue 4(353)

218-239

EN

The object of the article is to show the role of France under de Gaulle’s rule in the preparation of the Common Agricultural Policy in the years 1958-1969 as well as to answer the question whether the CAP met the hopes that de Gaulle and the French farmers placed in it. Three issues are discussed: France’s activity for the creation of the CAP in the years 1958- 1962, controversies over establishing common prices for agricultural goods and efforts to develop a system of financing the CAP. The article argues that under de Gaulle’s rule France played a decisive role in the creation of the CAP as the French leader wanted to turn it into an instrument which was to help modernize and restructure French agriculture thus contributing to the improvement of the living conditions of French farmers. In the case of France the balance of the CAP in the period of de Gaulle’s rule was rather positive although not all of the initially assumed goals were achieved.

9

Dopłaty bezpośrednie w nowej perspektywie finansowej Unii Europejskiej na lata 2014-2020

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Kowalski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(21)

153-164

EN

As a result of successive reforms of the CAP direct payments have become an important instrument of this policy is responsible for: to support and stabilize farm incomes, maintaining agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition, to compensate for the costs related to compliance with Community requirements (in terms of quality and production methods) related to implementation of non-production of public goods, the provision of equal conditions of competition within the single market, agricultural-food, as well as a useful instrument in the implementation of the new challenges related to the protection of natural resources, climate change, water management, biodiversity and renewable energy.

10

Koncepcje reform Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej Unii Europejskiej po 2013 roku

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Kosior K.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2011

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vol. 248

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issue 5-6

85-104

EN

The article focuses on a debate under way across the European Union on prospects for developing the bloc’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2013. At the center of the debate are ideas to reform CAP being put forward by various researchers. Historical experience shows that the ideas and suggestions of scientists play an important role in the process of reforming CAP, Kosior says. The article analyzes three specific visions of CAP after 2013-a proposal by Bureau and Mahé, who argue that the system of direct payments should be converted into a “general contractual scheme;” the idea of Heissenhuber et al. suggesting a three-step scheme of basic payments, voluntary agri-environmental measures and regional support; and a proposal by a group of leading European agricultural economists on the establishment of a Common Agricultural Policy for European Public Goods. The analysis refers to the achievements of new institutional economics. In conclusion, the author attempts to evaluate the presented ideas for developing CAP from the perspective of Poland’s interests. The shared feature of the analyzed concepts is that they place an emphasis on the environmental aspect of CAP. All the researchers suggest that the new CAP should be more flexible and more useful in the battle against climate change, the loss of biodiversity and the depletion of water and soil resources in Europe. At the same time, the Common Agricultural Policy should rely on the principle of subsidiarity. However, despite some shared features, the analyzed proposals differ in several important respects, Kosior notes. Bureau and Mahé propose co-financing and contracting of virtually all types of payments in the future agricultural policy. The agricultural economists call for national financing of direct payments, but stress the need for full financing from the EU budget of all-European public goods. Heissenhuber points to the need to differentiate payment rates depending on how farmers comply with environmental requirements. The analysis conducted shows that the proposal of the agricultural economists is the most well-balanced and could prove to be the optimal scenario for developing CAP in the long term, the author concludes.

11

Przegląd budżetu Unii Europejskiej a reforma polityki spójności

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Rokicki B.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2007

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vol. 217

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issue 7-8

105-125

EN

The article discusses potential changes in the European Union’s Cohesion Policy after 2013. The planned revision of the EU budget announced for 2008-2009 may become an excuse for starting talks on revising both the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Cohesion Policy, the author says. The 15 old EU member states may seek to limit the scope of activities under the Cohesion Policy in a situation in which their own regions may be deprived of structural funds. The main arguments may include the limited effectiveness of Cohesion Policy and the low absorption of funds in new EU member states. Theoretical studies and empirical research show that moving away from Cohesion Policy throughout the EU would be unfavorable to most new member states as well as the European Commission and regional authorities in EU15 countries. Paradoxically, it could also negatively influence the economic development of the less well developed regions in old member states. This explains why the European Commission may be forced to propose far-reaching changes in a bid to increase the effectiveness of cohesion programs and increase the attractiveness of Cohesion Policy for old EU member states, Rokicki notes. The article includes a simulation of the potential effects of such changes, but, for reasons of space, the author only discusses several possible solutions.

12

Z zagadnień współczesnego języka prawa rolnego

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Niewiadomski A.

Studia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 83

146-157

PL

The article presents selected issues with the functioning of new linguistic phenomena in agricultural law. An analysis of the impact of changes in agricultural policy on the emergence of new concepts related to climate and environmental protection was performed. In this respect, the assumptions of the new Common Agricultural Policy concerning climate protection were analyzed in detail. The article also presents the basic new assumptions concerning the implemented innovative activities in agriculture. The evolution of particular terms in agricultural law, both in terms of meaning and linguistics, was also indicated.

13

COUPLED SUPPORT UNDER THE FIRST PILLAR OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY – SCOPE OF THE MEMBER STATES’ DECISIVENESS AND MANNER OF IMPLEMENTATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL

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Sadłowski A.

Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy

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2018

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issue (11)

359-372

EN

The article presents the range of decisions made by the member-states of the European Union about the optional support given to production. Since 2015 it has been an element of the first pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy. The article provides an overview of the production support instruments implemented in Poland (indicating the essence of changes introduced in 2017). It also compares trends and the amount of support provided as part of this instrument in individual EU member-states. The research showed that the EU member-states showed big interest in the support offered to production. It was manifested both by the multitude of payments made and the considerable use of the maximum financing limit.

14

Wspólna Polityka Rolna po 2013 r. – wybrane problemy prawne

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Niewiadomski A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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vol. 13

117-132

EN

Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy introduced from 2013 shows the new financial perspectives for agriculture sustainable agriculture preferring to operate in accordance with the principles of nature conservation. To that end, the CAP financing instruments created many new requirements and incentives for farmers. Some of the existing mechanisms have been modified and adapted to the new objectives of the CAP and the possibility of the Community budget. Below are presented the most important legal issues in terms of implementation and application of the new provisions concerning the financing of the CAP.

15

Uproszczenia Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej – nośny slogan czy absolutna konieczność?

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Litwiniuk P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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vol. 13

101-116

EN

In the process of shaping the Common Agricultural Policy, there continues to dominate the search for legitimizing support, in particular for direct payments, as well as the need to achieve a political compromise regarding sensitive regional issues of agriculture and rural areas. This situation does not serve to improve the quality and transparency of law, understood in particular as preventing excessive occurrence of legislative changes and undue fragmentation of the rules. Also, as a result of the recent reform, it has been decided not to make any radical solution toward simplifying the most important instrument of direct payments. The indicated by the European Commission simplification elements introduced in the CAP after 2013, in comparison to the new complex solutions, are of a symbolic nature. The introduction of the multi-component system of direct subsidies, including payments for greening, will result in a significant increase in the cost of administrative services for the mechanism. Therefore, the demand to simplify the Common Agricultural Policy is still valid and urgent as the previous efforts aimed at its realization have proved to be counterproductive.

16

Wsparcie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Polsce w ramach wspólnej polityki rolnej UE

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Drygas M.

Studia BAS

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2016

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issue 4(48)

101-122

EN

The article looks at the policy programmes and role of support for rural development under Common Agricultural Policy. The author presents the characteristics of the Rural Development Programme in the current programming period (2014–2020) in comparison with the previous ones. Special attention is given to the budget of Rural Development Programme. It is also assessed from the point of view of the development of the Polish countryside.

17

Rząd RFN wobec idei integracji zachodnioeuropejskiego rolnictwa i budowy Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej w latach 1949–1969

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Janicki T.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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issue 4(353)

197-218

EN

One of the most complex processes in the history of the EEC was to create an institutional and financial basis for Common Agricultural Policy. Advocated by France, the integration of European agriculture on the one hand was perceived in the FRG as a threat to the existence of hundreds of thousands of German farms, and on the other hand as a valuable bargaining chip for achieving fundamental objectives of its foreign policy in the 1950s and 60s, that is, to overcome international isolation and integrate politically and economically with the West. The article presents motives and decisions made by the FRG authorities with regard to the ideas of Western European integration of agriculture and the subsequent stages of the construction of the CAP in the years 1949-1969. Politicians of the CDU and the CSU responsible for managing agricultural affairs were slowing down the integration process of the agricultural market of the EEC acting under the pressure of a protectionist approach of the German Farmers' Association. Eventually however they were forced to agree to the creation of the CAP and its costly organizational and financing processes. West German agricultural policy was an integral part of general foreign policy and the consent to the creation of the CAP was the price that the FRG agreed to pay in exchange for the opportunity to implement their fundamental political and economic objectives, even though it limited possibilities of internal agricultural policy, was expensive for the budget and weakened the political influence of the CDU / CSU in the rural environment.

18

Wybrane zagadnienia ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej w dziedzinie Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej

100%

Stoksik J.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

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vol. 10

422-440

EN

The disbursement of funds of the European Union’s budget with regard to Common Agricultural Policy imposes on administrative authorities of Community and Member States many responsibilities to protect financial interests of the EU’s budget. This paper presents the characteristics of these responsibilities and legal consequences of their violations and deals only with issues connected with responsibilities of domestic authorities. A well– functioning system of protection of such interests consists of a group of institutional guarantees starting with the effectively functioning institutions at the level of coordination, management and implementation of UE’s aid, through effective management and control system dealing with disbursement of these funds. The effectiveness of the protection of those interests in particular Member States can be assessed by ascertained irregularities. Although Poland is considered to be a country which effectively deals with above mentioned protection of financial interests, it does not exempt our country form the obligation of further development in these area.

19

Zmiany produkcji rolniczej w Polsce w latach 2000–2014

100%

Matyka M., Krasowicz S., Kopiński J.

Studia BAS

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2016

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issue 4(48)

7-36

EN

The aim of the study is to discuss the situation of agricultural production in Poland and its connection to the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agriculture sector in Poland in the years 2000–2014 underwent dynamic changes in its organization and intensity of production. CAP played an important role in this context, as its instruments accelerated and strengthened transformation and restructurization of Polish agriculture. Those changes deepened significant regional differences in agricultural production, leading to its concentration, polarization and specialization.

20

Sztuczne tworzenie warunków dla uniknięcia zmniejszenia płatności

100%

Łobos-Kotowska D.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

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vol. 12

19-31

EN

The article contains an analysis of premises of acquiring direct payments, with special emphasis on the regulations concerning the term “artificially created of conditions”. The aim of the author deliberations is to determined what meanings the notions “artificially created of conditions” and the term of “possession” used in the regulations. The legislator of these regulations does not define these terms, and it is necessary to seek the meaning of these phrases in Polish law. First term should be understood as an institution of civil law – operation designed to circumvent the law. Second term referring instead to the definitions contained in the civil code, too. Yet, to satisfy the demand for possessing agricultural land, additional premises are to be fulfilled. Legal regulations concerning payments introduce a kind of qualified possession consisting in actual agriculture usage of land The article points to some terminological problems on the UE – national law border, reflected in judicial decisions not only the national administrative courts but also Court of Justice of the European Union.

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