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PL
In a letter published on March 30, 2021, 24 world leaders have called for global solidarity in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. This commitment to act in solidarity with low-income countries however was won under duress, and it was in part at least self-serving. Can this still be called solidarity? On the basis of a functional view on solidarity the paper argues that states can indeed act in solidarity, if they accept costs to assist others with whom they recognize similarity in a relevant respect. States can act in solidarity, or they can fail to act in solidarity, also in situations of duress and if solidary acts also serve their own interests. The paper concludes that if this is true for the Covid-19 pandemic it is also true for the climate crisis, where damage of even much bigger dimensions are to be prevented. Also in regard to anthropogenic global heating, nobody is safe until everyone is safe.
EN
Aim/purpose – The paper aims to summarize approaches to complexity management by implementing particular logistics concepts within logistics strategies in global supply chains and to highlight a research gap in this regard. Additionally, complexity management concepts are presented. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the research objective, a systematic literature review was used. 11 research paper were analyzed with use of review protocol. Findings – Approaches to mentioned research problem are heterogeneous in current literature and there is a research gap in complexity studies in logistics, precluding further research, for example, on complexity measurement systems. Research implications/limitations – Identified research gap will require further studies. Studied area requires more empirical research, especially in the field of complexity measurement and management techniques in particular global supply chains. Originality/value/contribution – The paper summarizes current knowledge about logistics concepts helping to manage complexity in global supply chains and defines research gaps. There are no available literature summary of that kind. The article contains a full review of logistics complexity management concepts presented in scientific literature until the end of 2016.
PL
W przestrzeni biznesu kluczową rolę odgrywają złożone przedsiębiorstwa. Oprócz takich cech, jak liczba oddziałów, skala i zakres działalności gospodarczej, struktura pionowa, ważną właściwością tego typu przedsiębiorstw jest to, że bardzo często w ramach jednej firmy funkcjonuje kilka modeli biznesu. Ponieważ w wielu sytuacjach w złożonych firmach nie wyodrębnia się jednoznacznie owych modeli biznesu, stąd granice miedzy nimi się zacierają, a menadżerowie przedmiotowych przedsiębiorstw nie rozróżniają jednoznacznie poszczególnych modeli biznesu w ramach podejmowanych procesów decyzyjnych. W aspekcie przedstawionego problemu wydaje się zasadne, aby zwrócić uwagę na lukę poznawczą i badawczą, która opiera się na założeniu, że złożone przedsiębiorstwa powinny efektywnie zarządzać portfelem modeli biznesu. W takim ujęciu wyłania się pewien rodzaj przedsiębiorstw, które działają w środowisku wielu modeli biznesu (ang. Multi-Business Model Environment). Na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu oraz obserwacji współczesnego środowiska biznesowego przez autorów niniejszego artykułu należy wskazać, że problem ten nie był dotychczas szeroko eksplorowany w ramach nauki o zarządzaniu. Nie ma na ten temat wielu publikacji i badań naukowych. Autorzy niniejszego artykułu chcą tę lukę zapełnić i wyjaśnić problem identyfikacji, kształtowania i zarządzania portfelem modeli biznesu złożonych przedsiębiorstw. Artykuł ma charakter teoriotwórczy, a jego celem jest przedstawienie wyników badań literaturowych oraz prac konceptualnych na temat złożonych przedsiębiorstw charakteryzujących się tym, iż operują na rynku za pomocą kilku modeli biznesu, tworząc portfel modeli biznesu. W artykule wskazano założenia teoretyczne i aplikacyjne projektowania portfela modeli biznesu w środowisku sieciowym. Zamysłem autorów jest wykazanie, iż sukces funkcjonowania złożonych przedsiębiorstw jest uzależniony od efektywnego zarządzania portfelem modeli biznesu.
EN
Complex enterprises play a key role in the business space. In addition to such features as the number of branches, the scale and scope of business, the vertical structure is very important property of this type of enterprises is that very often several business models operate within one company. Because in many situations in these types of companies, these business models are not clearly defined, hence the boundaries between them disappear and the managers of the enterprises in question do not clearly distinguish individual business models within their decision-making processes. In the aspect of the presented problem, it seems reasonable to draw attention to the cognitive and research gap, which is based on the assumption that complex enterprises should effectively manage the portfolio of business models. In this perspective, a certain type of enterprises emerge that operate in the environment of many business models (the Multi- -Business Model Environment). Based on a review of the literature on the subject and observation of the contemporary business environment by the authors of this article, it should be pointed out that this problem has not been widely explored as part of the management science. There are not many publications and scientific research on this topic. The authors of this article want to fill this gap and explain the problem of identifying, shaping and managing the portfolio of business models of complex enterprises. The aim of the article is to present the results of research, analysis and conceptual work on complex enterprises characterized by the fact that they operate on the market with the help of several business models. The intention of the authors is to show that the success of the functioning of complex enterprises depends on the effective portfolio management of business models.
PL
W artykule podjęto wyzwanie w zakresie konceptualizacji wytycznych do doboru instrumentów foresightu strategicznego w związku z uwarunkowaniami działalności przedsiębiorstw, jakie niesie ze sobą niepewność współczesnego otoczenia. Uwzględniono w tym zakresie dwie perspektywy teoretyczne. Pierwsza odnosi się do teorii złożoności (a dokładniej adaptacyjnych systemów złożonych). Sugeruje ona, że możliwości zarządzania (a więc również zadania foresightu) są różne w zależności od uwarunkowań, jakie stwarzają te systemy. Druga perspektywa dotyczy założeń przyjmowanych w projektowaniu instrumentów foresightu. Nałożenie na siebie tych punktów widzenia pozwoliło sformułować kryteria typologii instrumentów foresightu. W związku z ujawnionymi tą drogą grupami instrumentów możliwe stało się również sformułowanie wniosków na temat kierunków rozwoju foresightu strategicznego i wykorzystywanych w jego ramach instrumentów, uwzględniającego rosnącą niepewność towarzyszącą działaniom współczesnych przedsiębiorstw.
EN
The main purpose of the article was the conceptualization of the guidelines for the selection of foresight instruments in relation to the conditions of business activities that are associated with uncertainty. On the basis of literature studies, two theoretical perspectives were considered important. The first refers to the theory of complexity (and more specifically adaptive complex systems). It suggests that management capabilities (and therefore foresight tasks) vary depending on the conditions that these systems create. The second perspective concerns the statistical assumptions used in the design of foresight methods. Imposing these views allowed to formulate criteria for the typology of foresight instruments. In view of the disclosed clusters, it was also possible to formulate conclusions about the direction of strategic foresight development, taking into consideration the growing uncertainty accompanying the actions of modern companies.
EN
The article is an analysis of a single case-a biographical narrative of a Tri-City resident who enters adulthood at the beginning of political transformation in 1989, and whose life path turns out to be an unintentional, dynamic journey between various professions, social worlds and structural positions. This creates a complicated and ambiguous biographical pattern which does not fall into either the socio-economic promotion of the “winner” or into the degradation of the transformation “loser.” The reconstruction of this pattern reveals the hero’s great resourcefulness and entrepreneurship, but also the fragility of the structures stabilizing his life and the volatility of life orientation points. The binder of this biography turns out to be, above all, reflexivity and, what I suggest calling, the narrative agency of the narrator, who can transform his structurally dispersed and chaotic life experiences of the time of transformation into a very original story, making him a strong subject of his own fate. This, however, creates the inevitable tension between the experienced or lived life, life history and the narrated life, life story, prompting us to again pose the question about the commonly assumed, although differently defined, correspondence between the level of reality and the level of its linguistic (in this case-autobiographical) representation.
EN
The presented paper reflects upon the possible causal link between sin and disease from the biblical, and also Christian, point of view. This tradition and its knowledge are confronted with the facts of other sciences. The paper seeks to reveal the complexity of the issue and its importance in specific areas of social work.
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