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Funkcje stabilizacyjne konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską a Rzecząpospolitą Polską z 1993 roku w procesie normalizacji stosunków państwo–Kościół

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Krukowski J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 3(29)

179-201

EN

The article contains an analysis of the Polish Concordat of 1993, ratified during the stage of transition from communist totalitarianism to liberal democracy. The key elements of these transformations include the change of the system of relations between the Church and the state which consisted in the transition from an atheistic regime – based on the principle of “hostile separation” – to a democratic secular state – based on the principle of “friendly separation” – referred to as “coordinated separation” due to the application of the instrument known as the concordat. In a speech held in the Vatican on 25 March 1998, Pope John Paul II claimed: “[…] The Concordat is a challenge to everyone to whom the future of Poland is dear and to those who feel a responsibility toward Her fate. It is a great opportunity and a great task for the present and future generations”. The Author employed the phrase “the stabilizing functions of the concordat” to refer to these “opportunities and tasks”. In order to explicate his line of thought he described the following: the concept of the concordat and its function, the position of the concordat in the hierarchy of the sources of law, the extent of issues regulated by this document and the bases of its effectiveness in the Polish system of law. Due to the extent of issues regulated by the Polish Concordat, it is a holistic concordat. The objects of its regulation include: the fundamental principles of the relations between the Church and the state, the confirmation of diplomatic relations, guarantees of respecting religious freedom on institutional and individual levels in public life (Art. 3‑27). The norms inscribed into the Concordat of 1993 are mostly a confirmation of the norms which functioned at the moment when the document was ratified. Due to the ratification of the Concordat the Polish legislator cannot introduce such norms to the system of the law of the country which would be contradictory to the norms inscribed into the Concordat without an agreement with the Holy See or the Polish Bishops’ Conference, the latter acting on the basis of a mandate of the Holy See. An important factor of the stabilizing function of the Concordat is the method of drawing up legal regulations. This has to do with clauses which refer to other normative acts belonging to the system of Polish law, to the system of canon law, or to future bilateral agreements, contracted on the central level (between the Holy See and the supreme organs of the authorities of the State), or on the local level (between the Polish Bishops’ Conference and the representatives of the Government of the Republic of Poland). This Concordat contributed to the increase of the level of stabilization of direct relations between the Catholic Church and the State in Poland. The document also played indirectly the role of promoting other religious associations. According to the principle of equality of Churches and other religious associations (Art. 25, Par. 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland), there occurred an extension of guarantees inscribed into the Concordat which had to do with other religious associations. This extension was brought about thanks to the employment of auxiliary concordat agreements consisting of individual acts promulgated on the basis of agreements that were negotiated by the government with the representatives of these associations.

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Stosunki Polski ze Stolicą Apostolską i kwestia konkordatu z 1993 roku prezentacja książki Konkordat między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską 1993/1998

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Kowalczyk J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 3(29)

213-218

EN

During the course of John Paul II’s pontificate the moral authority of the Holy See considerably increased in the world, the consequence of which was the considerable development of diplomatic relations with the Vatican. In 1918 Poland began to regulate the relations with the Holy See through concordats. Unfortunately, soon after the Second World War there began a period of unfriendly and frequently hostile policy of the authorities toward the Church. With the passing of years the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland arrived at a conclusion that the Catholic faith in Poland is a force to be reckoned with. Therefore the representatives of state authorities conducted talks with the Vatican, and the representatives of the Holy See made contacts with the authorities of the Polish Bishops’ Conference and the Office of Religious Denominations. The emergence of the social movement known as “Solidarność” [Solidarity] and a whole array of phenomena which took place in the 1980s brought about the change of the system in our Fatherland and facilitated the construction of a democratic state. This in turn brought about the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Holy See, the appointment of the ambassador of Poland at the Holy See and the appointment of the apostolic nuntio in Poland. On 3 April 1993 negotiations began about the elaboration and arrangement of the text of the concordat. The text that was agreed upon was accepted by the Council of Ministers and the Holy See, and it was signed on 28 July 1993. The ratification and the exchange of ratification documents took place in 1998. The principal aim of Archbishop Kowalczyk’s book is not to conduct an exegesis of the content of specific paragraphs of the concordat (this issue is treated in other publications), but to show the reader the way both entities of international law went through negotiations which lead them to the formulation of the specific paragraphs of this agreement.

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Rządowy projekt ustawy o ratyfikacji Konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską w obradach sejmowej Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych z 16 grudnia 1997 r.

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Góralski W.

Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

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2021

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vol. 24

509-535

EN

The conclusion of the Concordat between the Holy See and the Republic of Poland on July 28, 1993 was undoubtedly an important event in the recent history of the mutual relations between the Polish state and the Catholic Church. However, due to the political disputes, the process of ratification of this international agreement was significantly delayed. The present paper discusses one element of this process, that is, the debate that was held at the sitting of the Sejm Committee for Foreign Affairs on 16 December, 1997. The debate concerned, among other things, the legislative procedure for ratification of the Concordat and the issue of including the Government’s interpretive declaration of 15 April, 1997 in the ratification act. As a result of the work undertaken by the Committee, the draft ratification act was submitted to the Sejm and subsequently adopted on 8 January, 1998. The Concordat was ratified on 23 February, 1998.

PL

Podpisanie w dniu 28 lipca 1993 r. Konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską a Rzecząpospolitą Polską było ważnym wydarzeniem w najnowszej historii wzajemnych stosunków Państwa polskiego i Kościoła Katolickiego. Spory polityczne sprawiły jednak, że proces ratyfikacji tej umowy międzynarodowej znacząco przeciągnął się w czasie. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiony został jeden z elementów tego procesu, a mianowicie debata przeprowadzona w trakcie obrad sejmowej Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych, jaka odbyła się 16 grudnia 1997 r. W jej trakcie poruszone zostały kwestie dotyczące trybu uchwalenia ustawy ratyfikacyjnej oraz włączenia do niej deklaracji interpretacyjnej Rządu RP z dnia 15 kwietnia 1997 r. W wyniku prac Komisji do Sejmu skierowany został projekt ustawy ratyfikacyjnej, którą uchwalono 8 stycznia 1998 r. Ratyfikacja Konkordatu nastąpiła w dniu 23 lutego 1998 r.

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2 Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

1 Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

1 Góralski W.

1 Kowalczyk J.

1 Krukowski J.

1 2021

2 2014

Funkcje stabilizacyjne konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską a Rzecząpospolitą Polską z 1993 roku w procesie normalizacji stosunków państwo–Kościół

Stosunki Polski ze Stolicą Apostolską i kwestia konkordatu z 1993 roku prezentacja książki Konkordat między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską 1993/1998

Rządowy projekt ustawy o ratyfikacji Konkordatu między Stolicą Apostolską i Rzecząpospolitą Polską w obradach sejmowej Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych z 16 grudnia 1997 r.