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Problematyka tożsamości narodowej w czeskich apologiach języka ojczystego końca XVIII wieku

100%
Maciołek M.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2011
|
vol. 154
133-147
EN
The Enlightenment and especially the Herderian linguistic nationalism bring about a new understanding of national identity. For the “new” Czech, language becomes the road to independence. The real feeling of freedom can only be delivered in “their own” language, mother tongue. This spirit is cherished by a number of intellectuals who, aware of the tendencies world-wide, identify national identity with language. In the face of social restructuring, major Germanization of higher classes and the lower classes becoming the motor of change, the language represents the life of Czech people. Defenses of Czech language (so-called apologies of Czech language) of that time recounted transition of the Czech into a modern nation — from the Enlightenment onwards Czechness would be defined by means of the native language with all its pros and cons.
2
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Jára Cimrman, geniusz urojony? Kilka uwag o najwybitniejszym Czechu i czeskiej tożsamości narodowej

72%
Gierowski P.
Bohemistyka
|
2018
|
issue 4
361-378
EN
The main aim of the paper is to present Jára Cimrman, a forgotten and underestimated Czech genius, the fictional literary character which has become very popular in Czech culture in the second half of XX century. The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the genesis of the character and to describe its role and function in the Czech culture. The study analyses the literary traditions connected with Cimrman (such as the writings of Karel Havlíček-Borovský or Jaroslav Hašek, especially in the context of the anecdote as a literary material), the role of the political context in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century is also emphasized. The author also describes Cimrman as an embodiment and personification one of the Czech self-stereotypes and focuses on his connection with myths and narratives from the period of Czech national revival.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja postaci Járy Cimrmana, zapomnianego i niedocenionego czeskiego geniusza, postaci literackiej bardzo popularnej w Czechach w drugiej połowy XX w. Tekst stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji genezy tej postaci oraz opisania jej miejsca i roli w czeskiej kulturze. Analizie poddane zostają między innymi czeskie tradycje literackie związane z Cimrmanem (takie jak twórczość Karela Havlíčka-Borovskiego oraz Jaroslava Haška, rozpatrywane zwłaszcza w kontekście anegdoty jako ich zasadniczego tworzywa literackiego), a także kontekst polityczny Czechosłowacji w drugiej połowie XX w. Autor opisuje wreszcie Cimrmana jako uosobienie i personifikację jednego z czeskich autostereotypów i zajmuje się jego związkami z mitami i narracjami czasów czeskiego odrodzenia narodowego.
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