Search results

1

The social sciences in the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in the first two decades of its existence

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Franc M.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2022

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vol. 14

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issue 1

55-75

EN

This essay-like study primarily explores the position of the social sciences within the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Československá akademie věd, ČSAV) during the first two decades of its existence. It emphasises especially the gradual shift from its accent on sciences which could be used in political or national propaganda, such as archaeology, philosophy or ethnography, to sciences as a tool for the expert control of society, such as sociology, political science and psychology. Even though especially during František Šorm’s chairmanship (1962–1969) efforts were being made to squeeze the social sciences out from the ČSAV and thus deprive them of the benefits of development in a privileged institution, they were able to defend their position. The dispute was not only over the degree of exactness but also over the compatibility between the key working methods and the ČSAV’s mode of operation.

2

Státní ústav pro lidovou píseň a Československá Akademie věd 1952-1953

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Jůnová Macková A.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2015

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vol. 102

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issue 4

419-435

EN

The study focuses in particular to the institutional development of Czechoslovak ethnography in the period between the end of the World War II and the year 1953. The establishing of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in the years 1951/1952-1953 made an impact upon many scientific disciplines. Ethnography belonged to the 6th section, but for a long time it had been unclear how the State Institute for Folk Song, whose tradition reached to the year 1905, and the newly established Cabinet for Ethnography were to by connected. The present study tries to capture this effort for preserving the independent study of folklore, even though in close connection with ethnographic research, as well as the problem of the institutional embedding, that is, the gradual hiring of scientific workers, the composition of scientific committee and the editorial boards of important periodicals.

3

Studium dějin Ruska a SSSR v Československé akademii věd 1950–1969. Československo-sovětský institut a Ústav dějin evropských socialistických zemí

88%

Vlčková Kryčerová L.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2015

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vol. 101

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issue 2

319-355

EN

This analytical study reflects upon the development and partial findings from Russian studies centers in the years 1950–1969, which were part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences that had been founded in 1953. The interpretation intends to elucidate the significance and topical focus of these centers as well as discuss their findings in the area of research into the history of Russia and the USSR. There is particular emphasis on the institutional and thematic transformations they weathered, and it provides an account of the shaping of non-university-based Russian studies in Czechoslovakia. The study is based upon sources held by the Masaryk Institute and Archives of the AS CR.

4

Progresivní formy lidových tradic jako součást socialistického způsobu života: jazyk a československá etnografie v období tzv. normalizace

75%

Polouček O.

Národopisný věstník

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2021

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vol. 38_(80)

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issue 1

54-72

EN

Late Socialism is usually associated with the alienation of society, and even ruling elites, from ideology. For this reason, the separation of official language from the real world led to the system which, to a certain extent, made it possible to give the ideological cliché a new content with the purpose to create a limited space for the implementation of own interests. However, the use of the ideological language must be reflected critically in the context of the environment that is researched. The study will focus on the Czechoslovak ethnography and the legitimization of ethnographic research – e.g. research into traditions. The author will use examples from the environment with the strictest ideological supervision – the (Czecho)Slovak Academy of Sciences and its leading representatives Antonín Robek and Božena Filová, whereby the possible influence of the used ideological language on the current image of these persons will be thought over.

5

Československo-sovětský institut ČSAV v prvním desetiletí tzv. normalizace a jeho rusistická bádání

75%

Vlčková Kryčerová L.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2018

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vol. 104

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issue 3

825-851

EN

Based on a study of the sources, the treatise provides an image of the Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute of the CSAS and its Russian studies themes in the first decade of the so-called normalization process with regard to the starting points of the research, thematic focus and personnel staffing. The influence of the political situation is considered in the study. Since there were a total of three of the Czechoslovak-Soviet institutes of this name developing Russian studies themes, the genesis of these workplaces and transformation of their thematic focus is also explained.

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State institutes and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1948–1953

63%

Jůnová Macková A.

Studia Historiae Scientiarum

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2017

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vol. 16

241–267

EN

State institutes started emerging shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918) in the form of institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Schools and National Education. They were independent scientific institutions receiving regular state subsidies and their scientific focus and budgets were approved by the state. The State Institute of Archaeology and the National Institute for Folk Songs were founded in 1919. We may already follow the activities of the Institute of Oriental Studies and the Institute of Slavic Studies in the early 1920s. – even though they reached full efficiency only in 1928. The paper shows the organizational and personal transformation of these institutions, in particular from 1948 until 1952 or 1953, when they “voluntarily” became part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The incorporation of state institutes into the Academy of Sciences thus gives a clearer picture of the centralization of sciences in the 1950s, arranged according to the Soviet model.

PL

Instytuty państwowe zaczęły powstawać wkrótce po utworzeniu pierwszej Republiki Czechosłowackiej (1918) w formie instytucji powiązanych z Ministerstwem Szkół i Edukacji Narodowej. Były niezależnymi instytucjami naukowymi otrzymującymi regularne subwencje państwowe, a ich naukowa działalność i budżety były zatwierdzane przez państwo. Państwowy Instytut Archeologii i Narodowy Instytut Pieśni Ludowych powstały w 1919 r. Możemy śledzić działania Instytutu Studiów Wschodnich i Instytutu Studiów Slawistycznych już od wczesnych lat dwudziestych, choć osiągnęły one pełną sprawność dopiero w 1928 r. W artykule przedstawiono transformację organizacyjną i kadrową tych instytucji, zwłaszcza od 1948 do 1952 lub 1953 r., kiedy to „dobrowolnie” stały się częściami Czechosłowackiej Akademii Nauk. Na przykładzie włączenia instytutów państwowych do Akademii Nauk ukazano na czym polegała centralizacja nauk w latach pięćdziesiątych, organizowana według modelu radzieckiego.

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" Celkem značně uklidněn a s chutí do nové práce" : Ladislav Štoll v období Pražského jara a rané konsolidace

51%

Andreas P.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 6

846-876

EN

The present study reconstructs the fortunes and viewpoints of literary critic, ideologist and politician Ladislav Štoll between 1968 and 1973. My main source was the collection of private papers of the same name housed at the Academy of Sciences Archive. Ladislav Štoll's position and public role were undermined by the reformist meeting of the Czechoslovak Communist Party Central Committee at the turn of 1967/68 and meetings between a party committee and the Czech Literature Institute Council. In the Prague Spring period leading up to August 1968, Štoll withdrew from the public arena and stepped down from his executive positions at the Academy of Sciences. He faced criticisms and media attacks for his Stalinist past and his role as the one who announced the repressive measures against pro-reform authors at writers' conventions, including e.g. the (unproven) accusation that he took part in the political trials. He kept his Soviet friends and literary historian colleagues informed about the unsatisfactory situation in Czechoslovakia, and welcomed the occupation on 21st August as the moment the historical trajectory of Czechoslovakia veered away from counter-revolution, while prioritizing solutions that would not jeopardize state and national sovereignty. From autumn 1968 until mid-1969 he remained in seclusion, focused on research activity and travelled abroad. From autumn 1969 until summer 1970 he championed the consolidation of the humanities and social sciences as an employee of the revived Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute, consulting Soviet academics regarding the consolidation of Czechoslovak Russian studies, requesting their advisory intervention and arranging for the publication of key normative documents. He worked in the Czechoslovak Communist Party Central Committee and its Ideological Commission on party analyses of the post-1956 cultural and political developments that led to the Prague Spring. He reassessed his views on these developments and began to see them as disastrous from the outset, and his previous dialogue with the reformists to have been too generous. He welcomed the results of the consolidation process and its codification in Lessons from the Crisis. In July 1970 he became Chairman of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Arts and Sciences Committee and indirectly managed the reorganization of the Institute of Czech Literature. In February 1972 he returned to the consolidated Institute of Czech and World Literature as its Director, while becoming Editor-in-Chief of the Česká literatura journal. He also took on a number of other positions and tasks in various supervisory and academic bodies and committees. It was both because of these duties and for health reasons that he again drifted away from work at the Institute.

CS

V přítomné studii rekonstruuji osudy a názorovou perspektivu literárního kritika, ideologa a politika Ladislava Štolla mezi lety 1968 až 1973. Hlavním pramenem mi byl stejnojmenný osobní fond uložený v AAV. Pozice a veřejná role Ladislava Štolla byly otřeseny po reformním zasedání ústředního výboru KSČ na přelomu let 1967 a 1968 a po schůzích stranické skupiny a rady Ústavu pro českou literaturu. V období Pražského jara do srpna 1968 se Štoll stahuje z veřejného prostoru a ustupuje z řídících funkcí v ČSAV. Čelí kritice a mediálním útokům pro svou stalinistickou minulost, roli hlasatele represivních opatření proti proreformním spisovatelům na spisovatelských sjezdech, včetně například (neprokázaného) obvinění z účasti na politických procesech. O neuspokojivé situaci v Československu zpravuje své sovětské přátele a kolegy, literární historiky. Okupaci 21. srpna 1968 vítá jako moment, jímž se dějinné směřování Československa odklání od kontrarevoluce, zároveň však upřednostňuje řešení, která by neohrožovala státní a národní suverenitu. Od podzimu 1968 do poloviny roku 1969 se zdržuje v ústraní, věnuje se badatelské činnosti, cestuje do zahraničí. Od podzimu 1969 do léta 1970 se zasazuje o konsolidaci humanitních a společenských věd jako zaměstnanec obnoveného Československo-sovětského institutu. Konzultuje konsolidaci československé rusistiky se sovětskými akademiky, žádá jejich poradní zásah, stojí za vydáním stěžejních normotvorných dokumentů. V ústředním výboru KSČ a jeho ideologické komisi pracuje na stranických analýzách kulturně-politického vývoje po roce 1956, který vedl k Pražskému jaru. Přehodnocuje své názory na tento vývoj, začíná ho vnímat jako od počátku fatální, svůj někdejší dialog s reformisty jako příliš velkorysý. Vítá výsledky konsolidačního procesu a vznik jeho kodifikace, Poučení z krizového vývoje. V červenci 1970 se stává předsedou kolegia věd o umění ČSAV a nepřímo řídí reorganizaci Ústavu pro českou literaturu. V únoru 1972 se jako ředitel vrací do konsolidovaného Ústavu pro českou a světovou literaturu, zároveň se stává šéfredaktorem České literatury. Ujímá se i množství dalších funkcí a úloh v nejrůznějších kontrolních a akademických orgánech a komisích. Kvůli těmto povinnostem a ze zdravotních důvodů se opět odcizuje práci v ústavu.

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2 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

1 Národopisný věstník

1 Studia Historiae Scientiarum

1 Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

1 Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

1 Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

2 Jůnová Macková A.

2 Vlčková Kryčerová L.

1 Andreas P.

1 Franc M.

1 Polouček O.

1 2022

1 2021

1 2018

2 2017