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Alois Rašín a ti druzí : Právníci při vzniku československého státu

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Vojáček L.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2018
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vol. 157
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issue 10
812-825
EN
The article refers to the formation of the Czechoslovak state by presenting the activities of three lawyers variously connected with the preparation of the first Czechoslovak constitutional laws. The participation of the judge Ferdinand Pantůček was rather indirect, but the more important. His “pre-revolutional” draft of the Political Act, supplemented by several draft laws containing more detailed provisions, significantly affected the content of the First Czechoslovak Law (No. 11/1918 Coll.) And, together with the above-mentioned draft laws, it also influenced the following law-making activity of the National Committee - resulting in, among others, the Provisional Constitution. As a rapporteur of the National Committee he also submitted several draft laws and regulations (Nos. 1 to 7/1918 Coll.). Alois Rašín is primarily associated with the initial version of the Act No. 11/1918 Coll. but as a member of the presidium of the National Committee he also played a significant role in its decision making. In his position, he submitted several draft laws to the plenum of the National Committee and informed them of the enacted regulations. Alfred Meissner is known to be the author of the text of the Provisional Constitution, less is he known as the one who successfully fought for the enactment of the constitution by the Czechoslovak National Committee.
CS
Článek připomíná vznik československého státu prostřednictvím aktivit tří právníků, různým způsobem spojených s přípravou prvních československých ústavních zákonů. Účast soudce Ferdinanda Pantůčka byla sice spíše nepřímá, ale o to významnější. Jeho „předpřevratový“ návrh politického zákona, doplněný návrhy zákonů podrobněji rozvádějících jeho rámcová ustanovení, významně ovlivnil obsah prvního československého zákona (č. 11/1918 Sb. z. a n.) a spolu se zmíněnými návrhy navazujících zákonů též další právotvornou činnost Národního výboru československého včetně prozatímní ústavy. Některé návrhy zákonů a nařízení (č. 1 až 7/1918 Sb. z. a n.) jako zpravodaj v Národním výboru také předkládal. Alois Rašín je spojován především s původní podobou zmíněného zákona č. 11/1918 Sb. z. a n., ale jako člen předsednictva Národního výboru se také významně podílel na jeho operativním rozhodování. Z titulu své funkce plénu Národního výboru předložil návrhy několika zákonů a informoval je o schválených nařízeních. Alfred Meissner je znám jako tvůrce textu prozatímní ústavy, méně už jako ten, kdo prosadil, že ústavu přijal už Národní výbor československý.
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Powstanie Republiki Czechosłowackiej po I wojnie światowej i znaczenie rewolucyjnego Zgromadzenia Narodowego w tym procesie

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Letz R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2019
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issue 1(150)
111–135
EN
Soon after the First World War broke out in 1914, both in the country and abroad a movement was formed aimed at establishing an independent Czecho-Slovak state. It was hoped that Austria-Hungary would collapse and Germany be defeated. To reach its goal, the independence movement had to obtain the support of Czechs and Slovaks abroad, mainly in the USA, France and Russia, as well as benevolence of the Entente Powers. Initially, the decisive influence of Russia was taken into consideration, which resulted in the postulate to preserve monarchy. As Russia’s position was weakening, the Czecho-Slovak resistance movement became more oriented towards Entente’s western powers and gradually, especially abroad, emphasized the vision of the future state as a republic and its democratic system. In order to understand the establishment of the Revolutionary National Assembly in Prague in 1918, the origin of its founding must be presented and a reference made to Austro-Hungarian parliamentarism. On 19 November 1916 information was published on founding the Czech Union comprising Deputies of the Austrian Parliament — the Imperial Council (Reichsrat) in Vienna. It was a group of Deputies of nine political parties, who committed themselves to act in accordance with the principle of majority in national-political and constitutional-legal matters. Simultaneously, the National Committee was founded as a permanent body associating representatives of Czech political parties. It was to support the Czech Union as the highest authority in those matters of political life that transgressed competences of Deputies to the parliament. Initially, the Czech Union was loyal to the Austrian government and even distanced itself from the Czecho-Slovak resistance movement abroad. Among the Czechs important organizational elements were established, which contributed to the creation of the union and became a catalyst of the Czech political life.
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