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DEFENSIVE FUNCTIONING IN INDIVIDUALS WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION IN THE LIGHT OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

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Cierpiałkowska L., Marszał M., Pieniążek M.
Polish Journal of Applied Psychology
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2012
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vol. 10
|
issue 1
7-20
EN
This article attempts to describe borderline personality organization from the point of view of the defense mechanisms constellation. A brief theoretical review has been provided, and results of classical and more recent empirical studies in this area have been presented; the author`s own research on defense mechanisms employed by individuals with BPO has been described. The larger part of the results are in accord with accepted theoretical assumptions, namely, that individuals with BPO are characterized by a high index use of primitive defense mechanisms, and with a concomitant low index use of more developmentally mature defenses.
2

Identity Processing Style and Defense Mechanisms

88%
Berzonsky M., Kinney A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2008
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vol. 39
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issue 3
111-117
EN
To investigate relationships between identity processing styles and patterns of defense mechanisms, 213 participants (Mean age = 23.01 years) completed measures of defense-mechanism clusters and styles of negotiating (or managing to avoid) identity conflicts and threats (64% of the participants were female). A self-exploratory, informational identity style was associated with defense mechanisms that control anxiety and threats via internal cognitive maneuvers. In contrast, a diffuse-avoidant identity style was found to be related to maladaptive defensive maneuvers including turning against others and turning aggression inward against oneself, which is related to depressive reactions. A foreclosing, normative identity style was associated with defenses that limit awareness of threatening ideas and information by denial, distortion, and negation. None of these relationships was qualified by age or gender. The findings are discussed in terms of a process model of identity development that emphasizes social-cognitive differences in how individuals construct, maintain, and reconstruct their self-identity.
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