Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 5

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  DENDROCHRONOLOGY
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

EARLY SLAVIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES SOUTH OF THE CARPATHIANS, SUDETES AND RUDAWY MOUNTAINS DATED BY ABSOLUTE DATING METHODS

100%
Dulinicz M.
Archeologia Polski
|
2007
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1-2
81-130
EN
The past 15 years have witnessed in Poland and Germany a considerable increase in the number of archaeological features representing Early Slavic culture, which age has been determined by natural science methods. New hypotheses have been formulated regarding the time of the formation of the oldest Early Medieval cultures in the territories between the Baltic and the Black Sea, the Carpathians and Sudetes. Investigations of the formation period in the culture of the Early Slavs are being carried out also to the south of the indicated region, but seldom have natural science dating methods, like dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating, been applied for the purpose. There is need for a recapitulation of information in view of the growing disproportion between data on absolute chronology concerning the northern and western part of Early Slavdom and the information referring to the southern and southwestern parts of Slavic colonization. Among features from the area of Austria, Czech, Slovenia and Italy, which have been dated by the radiocarbon method, the prevalent kind are pits from settlements, but there is also information on a few graves. The article focuses on analyzing the results of investigations of archaeological features dated by the radiocarbon or dendrochronological methods. Material from 14 sites for which there is a total of 35 analyses has been taken into consideration. The obtained datings permit a synchronization of information on settlement patterns and a comparison of assemblages of finds, mainly pottery. A comparison of the assemblages of finds with those known from the northern part of Central Europe does not demonstrate any significant differences in the dating, especially with regard to the Little Poland (Malopolska) region. The situation was somewhat different in the lowland territories of early Slavdom where assemblages composed of virtually only undecorated vessels were still in evidence in the 8th century. In recent years also in the Polish literature on the subject opinions have been voiced a number of times concerning the migration route and characteristics of the material culture of the Danubian Slavs. Consideration of the newest results of field investigations by Austrian, Bavarian, Croatian, Czech, Slovakian, Slovenian and Hungarian archaeologists has helped to modify the picture conceived based on the reflections of cited scholars. Thanks to the construction of a chronological framework and the growing body of knowledge on the material culture of the southern Slavs, their presence in territories south of the Danube in the 7th and 8th centuries can be proven in reference to specific, well dated finds. It can also be demonstrated that in this time their material culture still preserved many archaic characteristics and was not significantly different from the culture of their kin from beyond the Carpathians and Sudetes. The view that the southern Slavs quickly lost their specific material culture has been proved entirely incorrect. 24 Figures, 1 Table
2

RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF CORDED WARE CULTURE IN THE LIGHT OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL DATINGS OF LATE NEOLITHIC LAKE DWELLINGS IN SWITZERLAND

100%
Wlodarczak P.
Archeologia Polski
|
2007
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1-2
35-80
EN
The radiocarbon dating is the main way of determining the absolute age of Corded Ware Culture (CWC). The dominating models based on calibrated dating characterized by considerably differing interpretations due to the diverse approaches to the calibration and sample quality. The character of the calibration curve sets considerable limitations on the precise determination of calendar age. Precise age determination is sometimes impossible within a range of hundreds of years. The origins of CWC settlement, defined most often as between 2900 and 2750 B.C., falls in the time of an exceptionally vast flattening of the curve (2880-2580 B.C.). The choice of particular dates in this three-hundred-year range is the effect of an archaeologist's estimate without grounds in radiocarbon dating. The last resort for precising of the age of the oldest phase of CWC is - dendrochronological dating. Summing up, the main characteristics of the dendrochronological model include: 1. short duration of CWC (ca. 300 years); 2. a disjunctiveness of the said culture from the age of older and younger culture groups; 3. dated ceramic assemblages reveal both an enduring tradition of chosen older ceramic types and a fast pace of stylistic changes. Three clear stylistic phases are in evidence. On the other hand, the CWC chronology based on radiocarbon dates is characterized by: 1. long duration of the culture; 2. long spans of contemporaneous existence of CWC settlement and other Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures; 3. with regard to the ceramic assemblages, a frequently observed 'longevity' of examined stylistic types. The scale of the listed differences forces one to consider the possibility of two such separate realities. The quality and accuracy of the data call for greater credibility being granted to the dendrochronological datings and for comparing other areas to it. However, an automatic transfer of the cultural-chronological situation from one area to all the others is impossible for obvious reasons. Nonetheless, supraregional stylistic trends, characteristic of a 'pan-European horizon', for example, can be dated similarly with considerable likelihood. On the other hand, all the late local CWC groups, which also do not reveal in artefact typology any connections with Swiss territory, cannot be reliably synchronized by the radiocarbon method. It cannot be assumed in advance that the decline of CWC style occurred at a similar time in all of the areas. The chronologies based on separate dating systems feature one other fundamental difference. The dendrochronological model for the subalpine regions contains numerous time gaps between the settlement of particular cultural groups in specific territories. The nature of potential settlement is questioned for periods for which there are no dated records. The less precise 14C datings give rise to models assuming the longevity and connection between the settlement cultural units. There are no time gaps potentially existing between the age of finds to be observed based on a 14C chronology. The separate dating methods implicate a different approach and remains uncertainty caused by the possibility of such deep differences of the chronological-cultural model existing in reality. The solution is obtaining material for dendrochronological studies from central and northern Europe. 14 Figures.
3

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL AND RADIOCARBON DATES. AN EXAMPLE OF CORDED WARE CULTURE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE VERSUS CHRONOLOGY (Archeologiczna interpretacja dat dendrochronologicznych i radioweglowych ...)

100%
Wlodarczak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2008
|
vol. 60
103-128
EN
In the last 50 years, studies on the chronology of Neolithic cultures were dominated by the method of radiocarbon dating. The correctness of the chronological models based on this method can nowadays be verified only by means of the dendrochronology. This is possible for the finds from Switzerland, and also partly for those from southern Germany. These problems are discussed in this paper, by way of example of the Corded Ware culture (CWC) - one of the main Neolithic cultures in Central Europe. As a model territory for the analysis, the region of Zurich was chosen, namely the palafitte sites on the lakes: Zurich, Greifen and Pfäffiker. The period of development of the culture under discussion falls between ca 350-300 years (maximum from ca 2750 to 2400 BC).In comparison to Switzerland, the situation on the territories dated by means of the radiocarbon method looks different. The chronological models are characterised by a longer period of the CWC's existence and by the synchronicity of various cultural phenomena. In effect, two compared methods of dating resulted in emerging different points of view on the course of cultural processes. In the case of dendrochronological dating, looking upon archaeological cultures as competitive models was almost mechanically abandoned. Their distinctive attributes, which include mostly pottery, have become significant markers of particular chronology. At the same time, their role in determining distinct human groups, e.g. of ethnical character, has become less stressed.
4

FROM THE STUDY ON THE ORIGIN OF EARLY MEDIAEVAL BRIDGES ON POMERANIA (Ze studiów nad geneza wczesnosredniowiecznych mostów na obszarze Pomorza)

88%
Chudziak W., Kazmierczak R., Niegowski J., Wazny T.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2009
|
vol. 57
99-131
EN
In this paper, the problem of fixing of chronology and the function of bridges has been compared to results of typological and chronological analysis of moveable artefacts found in the area of the remains of the bridges and to dating of local settlement structures. Four main phases of development of bridge building connected with specific social and cultural factors have been distinguished.
5

ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NASIELNA RIVER VALLEY IN THE VICINITY OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD IN NASIELSK (Antropogeniczne przeksztalcenia doliny Nasielnej w sasiedztwie wczesnosredniowiecznego grodziska w Nasielsku)

75%
Blonski M., Szwarczewski P.
Archeologia Polski
|
2008
|
vol. 53
|
issue 2
291-317
EN
Interdisciplinary research (archaeological excavations, ground surface surveying, as well as the results of a geomorphological survey and drillings, palynology and radiocarbon dating, and an examination of archival maps and analy­ses of historical sources) carried out in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk was focused on the lithological diversity of the sediments filling the Nasielna river valley and its relation to human activity in this area in the past. The study proved that the activity of Early Medieval settlers and the multiphase operation of water mills in medieval and modern times were the main causes impacting valley bottom transformation. The town of Nasielsk is located some 50 km to the north of Warsaw and remains of the Early Medieval stronghold lies in the northwestern part of the town. It measures 85 m in diameter and has a rampart in excess of 2 m in height. According to written sources of the 11th-13th centuries, Nasielsk was a local center of administration (castellany). At the time a part of the town was owned by the Czerwinsk monastery. Archaeological excavations have been conducted in 1976 and in 2001-2006. The conclusion is that the stronghold was a multiphase site operating for more than 400 years. Dendrochronological data from the rampart have dated the construction of the oldest part of the stronghold to the middle of the 9th century. The youngest dendrochronological date falls in the middle of the 13th century (i.e., A.D. 1246). Settlers presumably abandoned the stronghold either in the second half of the 13th or in the beginning of the 14th century. In 1386, the newly-founded town of Nasielsk was given by the Mazovian Duke Janusz the First to the knight Jakusz of Radzanowo. The studied part of Nasielna river valley is filled with organic deposits (peats, organic silts and clays, gyttja) totaling some 1.50 m in thickness. The organic sediments cover fine and medium sands and gravels. Some 50 drillings in the valley bottom next to the stronghold revealed a complicated morphology of the former valley bottom. Geological and geomorphological studies together with enclosed cross-sections have indicated for channel pattern changes in the Nasielna (former exsistance of braided or anastomosing stream). The gyttja-lacustrine sediments (with plant detritus and mollusks at different depths) filling the valley bottom are evidence of a multiphasal operation of ponds in this area (mostly mill and probably fish ponds). The lithological diversification of the sediments in the vicinity of the stronghold has led the authors to assume very short intervals between successive stages of damming-up of the river (possibly from just a few to a dozen or so years). Radiocarbon datings and archaeological data permit a reconstruction of the Nasielna river evolution in eight stages. The application of interdisciplinary methods: geological, geomorphological and archaeological, together with absolute dating has helped to unravel the relations between human activity in the past fourteen-fifteen centuries and the changes of the environment in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk. It was also possible to study the quality of these changes and the rate at which they occurred, thus providing the data for a reconstruction of the former river valley relief, that is, the landscape of the medieval settlement. 11 Figures.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.