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1

VIEWS OF THE PRAGUE SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS ON SYNCHRONY AND DIACHRONY

100%
Peter M.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
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vol. 102
|
issue 4
400-407
EN
From the very beginning, the PSL did not accept Saussure's strict opposition of the synchronic and diachronic approaches to language. Following the ideas of Baudouin de Courtenay, the Prague scholars extended the structural principle to the historical study of language on the one hand and, on the other hand, they introduced the notion of the 'dynamics of synchrony', i.e., the view of the language system as one containing, besides its stable elements, also remnants of its former state and seeds of a forthcoming state as well. The concept of the language system as a space with an uneven density of elements, structured according to the principle 'Centre - Periphery - Transition' (Danes) greatly contributed to the handling of intermediate linguistic phenomena and problems of linguistic vagueness, and promoted the foundation of the theory of 'functional-semantic categories' (Bondarko).
2

DIACHRÓNIA POUŽÍVANIA PRVEJ OSOBY SINGULÁRU V SLOVENSKÝCH JAZYKOVEDNÝCH ŠTÚDIÁCH A ČLÁNKOCH

88%
Walková M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
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vol. 85
|
issue 1
82 – 95
EN
This paper presents a diachronic study of authorial self-mention first person singular in linguistic journal articles from 1966 to 2015. The overall frequency of the first person singular in the corpus is influenced by the total number of texts in which the first person singular is used, as well as by the overall frequency of the first person singular in individual texts, which is high especially in subjective narrative texts. The results show that there is no statistically significant increase in the use of the first person singular. Formally, the most frequent means of the first person singular is the verb. Pragmatically, the most frequent rhetorical functions of the first person singular are textual signposting and expression of author’s viewpoint and argumentation.
3

Dziad i formy pochodne jako wyrazy motywujące w onimii polskiej

75%
Wójcik U.
Onomastica
|
2013
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vol. 57
167–174
EN
The article takes up the problem of the mutual relations of appellatives and the secondary category, in relation to them, of proper names in a diachronic formulation. The goal of this article was to attempt to trace the fortunes of the appellative dziad and derivative forms as terms motivating the creation of many names in Polish onymy, primarily in anthroponymy and toponymy. Proper names in diachronic formulation comprise a secondary category in relation to appellatives, and in connection with this, the studies had a multi-directional character — they dealt with both the appellative layer of the language as well as the proprial. The lexico-semantic methodology used in the article is based on the meaning of appellative lexical units, with consideration of their polysemy and meaning shifts. Proper names were subjected to further analysis based on genetico-motivational interpretation of the onyms. The studies conducted made it possible to grasp and show the development of the proprial category in Polish onymy in close connection with the history of development of the appellative sphere from the Early Slavic period to contemporary times. As a result of various conditioning, linguistic and beyond, primarily anthropological and cultural, the proud dziad changed into the needy beggar dziad, that is, negative reprofiling of its initial fundamental meaning) occurred. This was reflected also in the proprial sphere of the language.
4

TYPOLOGICKÉ ZHODNOCENÍ VÝVOJE DEKLINAČNÍHO SYSTÉMU V LATINĚ A ŠPANĚLŠTINĚ

75%
Bernátová Z., Richterová A.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
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2017
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vol. 6
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issue 2
24 – 32
EN
The linguistic typology is a method of classification, description and comparison of languages which is primarily used in synchronic study of languages. Since the first half of the 20th century Skalička had been gradually developing his typology therefore Skalička himself expected to develop and specify it even further. Until this day, his typology is still being developed and topical. For modern Spanish, Skalička's typology, which linguists in Spanish-speaking countries know only marginally, though, is a valid theory; for example, with regard to the development of Castilian Spanish and Latin American Spanish and the growing differences between them. Although typology is essentially of synchronic character, i.e., it studies language at a given point in time and does not deal with the historical explanation of this situation, this study draws attention to the fact that Skalička’s typology is applicable to diachronic linguistics which studies a language over a period of time. With regard to linguistic typology of Vladimír Skalička the study deals with typological description of selected substantive and adjective forms, explores their development from Latin to Spanish and evaluates their typological modification. In the development of each language there is an evolution from one type to another. Classical Latin is a language with flexional dominance in declension system whereas Vulgar Latin has isolating tendencies. Finally, in Spanish there is a combination of isolating and agglutinating features.
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