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ORT VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN DP CAMPS IN GERMANY, AUSTRIA, AND ITALY (Szkolenia zawodowe ORT-u w obozach dla DP w Niemczech, Austrii i Wloszech)

100%
Person K.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2010
|
issue 2(234)
194-206
EN
The fate of Displaced Persons was one of the greatest challenges met by the international community in years immediately after the Second World War. By mid-1947, the Jewish DP population had reached already about 250,000 people housed in hundreds of DP centres. One of the most important issue in DP camps was that of instilling an interest in learning and work into those who had previously had to perform slave labor and endure the concentration camps. Straight after the liberation, a handful of veteran ORT workers - headed by Jacob Oleiski, former director of ORT in Lithuania - established the first vocational course at Landsberg, near Dachau in the American zone of Germany. In December 1945, the first training centre in the British zone was instituted at Bergen-Belsen. By the end of 1947, ORT had become a network of over 700 courses located in the DP camps of Europe. The phenomenal number of 22,620 persons was enrolled that year, almost one-tenth of the DP population of the time. 934 teachers taught more than fifty trades. The vocational schools were not only equipping students with new skills but also with confidence to imagine a future in which they could use it. On completion of any ORT course the students received a certificate which would prove to be a valuable document for those seeing to emigrate.
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Migration Crises and Interest of a State. American Refugee Assistance Acts During the Cold War

63%
Mazurkiewicz A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2019
|
vol. 45
|
issue 3 (173)
41–58
EN
The article examines the link between the admission of refugees to the United States and the country’s foreign policy interest during the Cold War. The author analyses the post-war American refugee assistance acts and immigration laws to reveal U.S. policy choices made between safeguarding country’s security during the Cold War to taking political advantage of the refugee arrivals. The factors that provided for the refugees’ entry to the U.S. during the Cold War were determined by foreign policy concerns and the decisions related to the refugee crises were the domain of the executive up until 1980s. Given the Cold War context, most of the refugee crises occurring behind the Iron Curtain in Europe benefited U.S. psychological warfare programs, while Asian and Latin American refugees, often a consequence of direct (at times covert) U.S. political-military-economic involvement, put the U.S. on the defensive.
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