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Risk perception, risk acceptance, and dispositional optimism

100%
Sokolowska J., Klonowicz T.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
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issue 1
55-63
EN
A quasi-experimental study was designed to examine, whether (1) perceived risk is a function of the relative frequency of bad to good outcomes and (2) individual differences in dispositional optimism influence risk perception and risk acceptance. A total of 263 undergraduate students of psychology (189 women and 74 men) participated in the study. Subgroups of high- and low optimism selected on the basis of their optimism scores were presented with 28 multi-outcome gambles and asked to rate risk separately for each gamble and next indicate, whether they would play a given gamble or not. The data indicate that: (1) risk judgments depend on the ratio of bad to good outcomes in the outcomes' distribution, (2) high- and low optimists did not differ with respect to average risk rates but in more optimistic persons decision making would be associated with more trade-offs.
2

EXPECTED PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS. THE ROLE OF SITUATIONAL AND PERSONALITY FACTORS

100%
Sokolowska J., Klonowicz T.
Psychological Studies
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2006
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vol. 44
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issue 2
69-81
EN
The study was aimed at evaluating the impact of situational and personality factors on expectation of success. Participants (130 university students) estimated their probability of success in two - lottery and competition - situations. 'Success scenarios' for the two situations were constructed in such a way, as to include situations in which the number of winners participants was higher, equal, or lower than the number of participants who win nothing. The two personality characteristics under study were dispositional optimism (assessed with the LOT-R) and belief in good luck (assessed with the BIGL). The data indicate that in both the lottery and competition situations people display optimistic expectations of success. These optimistic expectations depend most strongly on the objective frequency of outcomes, however, optimistic expectations were higher in competition than in the lottery situations. The role of individual differences in dispositional optimism and/or belief in good luck was most salient in ambiguous situations (equal probability of winning vs. not winning). Under lottery condition optimistic expectations of success were positively associated with belief in good luck, whereas under competition these expectations were positively related to disposional optimism. In general the impact of situational factors was more salient than the impact of personal factors on expectancies of success.
3

DISPOSITIONAL OPTIMISM, AFFECTIVE STATES AND JUDGEMENTS OF FUTURE LIFE EVENTS

88%
Diaconu-Gherasim L. R., Mãirean C.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 3
193 – 205
EN
This research examined the relationship between dispositional optimism and judgements of future life events, and whether this relationship is moderated by affective states. An adolescent sample (N = 139, 57.6% girls) was recruited. After filling in the questionnaire for dispositional optimism, the participants were randomly assigned in the experimental conditions in order to induce negative affective states versus control condition. Finally, the participants completed the affective states and judgements of future life events scales. The results indicated that dispositional optimism positively correlated with judgement of positive events, but not with judgements of negative events. We found evidence for affective state as a moderator; the relationship between dispositional optimism and judgements of future positive events was stronger in the control condition compared to the negative affective state condition. The implications of these findings for understanding the relation between personality factors and judgements about future events are discussed.
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