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1

Metody analizy danych w socjologicznych badaniach rozwodów

100%
Rydzewski P.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
|
2010
|
vol. 2(38)
275-298
EN
The aim of the article is to give an answer to the question: What data analysis methods are most often used in field studies of divorces with the participation of divorced persons and/or members of their families? The source basis was constituted by a selection of sociological articles on divorces published in renowned American academic journals in 1980- 2000. In sociological studies of divorces multiple regression analysis is decidedly most often used – both as an autonomous method of analysis and together with other methods. Also logistic regression and probit models are relatively frequently used, whereas experience analysis is used more rarely. Correlation analysis is seldom used; and canonical correlation, path analysis, factor analysis, the LISREL model and cluster analysis are used only sporadically.
2

DIVORCE IN ROMAN EGYPT: A CASE STUDY (Rozwod w Papirusach: Studium przypadkow)

80%
Urbanik J.
U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze
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2010
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vol. 9
159-188
EN
Our imagination of the matrimonial reality of the Roman world has been haunted by women counting their age by their husbands instead of consuls (Seneca, de ben. 3.16.2) and the notorious Cato - Marcia - Hortensius triangle (Plutarch, Cato 25-27). This stereotypical idea of the poor durability of marriages in Antiquity has been recently challenged in the diligent study of Susan Treggiari who, having counted the divorces present in the classical literary sources (sixty-odd up to the times of Domitian, some of them involving the same individuals), came to the conclusion that this picture is simply a by-product of the topoi of the moralistic and satirical literature. And yet, we must observe that the literature hardly ever deals with the lives of simple people, so the reality may only be retrieved from the documents of legal practice. Prima facie the scarcity of the documentation seems to corroborate the thesis of Treggiari. At present there are less than fifty known deeds dealing directly with divorce, predominantly dated to the Roman and Byzantine eras; some of them are regrettably preserved only very fragmentarily. Yet the view has to be put forward that this may be caused by the fact that not all divorces were documented. The nature of the documents recording divore for the most typical divorce settlements: marriage contracts, census records, petitions of the deserted wives or husbands, show that divorce was part of the 'normal' life ofthe inhabitants of Graeco-Roman Egypt and must have occurred quite frequently. The paper aims at presenting the general format of the divorce settlements, and then gives translations and interpretations of 6 documents relating to divorce. With the aid of these examples a few important research issues are discussed: the relation between theImperial Law and the divorce practice as shown in the papyri: the principle of formless and easy divorce; the gradual limitation of divorces from the times of Constantine the Great and its probably meagre impact on the legal practice; the possible admission ofthe intervention of third parties into divorce (viz. the parents' decision); and finally the question of the possible influence of Christianity on divorce customs (which does not seem to be easily detectable).
3
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JEŽÍŠOVY VÝROKY PROTI ROZVODU JAKO PODNĚT PRO SOUČASNOU DISKUSI V KATOLICKÉ CÍRKVI

80%
Opatrný D.
Studia theologica
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 2
121–137
EN
The situation for divorced and remarried couples in the Catholic Church is one of the most arduous contemporary questions. Having said this, the strict Roman attitude on this issue has evolved from the strict teaching of Jesus himself. The first part of the article consequently discusses the accounts of Jesus’ divorce teachings preserved in the synoptic gospels and in Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians. Each place is considered in its own context and differences are observed. The second part of the article traces the evolution of the Catholic divorce doctrine from the early church to the pontificate of Benedict XVI and presents several suggestions proposing how to help those people in their severe life situation.
4
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Kdo podává žádost o rozvod a jaké jsou příčiny rozpadu partnerských vztahů?

80%
Vohlídalová M.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
48-56
EN
The paper focus on two main questions: (i) Who initiated divorce and what are the socio-demographic and life cycle characteristics that determine whether man or women file a divorce petition? And (ii) what are the individual reasons and motives leading to break-up of marriages and unmarried cohabitations and what socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. education, number of children, age etc.) influence people’s perception of these reasons? The analysis is based on two data sources: the database of divorces for the year 2008 registered by the Czech Statistical Office and quantitative survey "Partnership" conducted in 2009, which included a representative sample of 1086 respondents. I conclude that the fact of who initiated the divorce is closely related to the potential chances or risks for the individual associated with divorce. Regarding the subjective reasons of partnership breakup, data showed a clear tendency for younger people, childless couples and unmarried cohabitation to mention reasons closely related to the quality of relationship and emotional satisfaction arising from the relationship. In contrast, long-term partnerships, marriages or partnerships with children break up much often because of infidelity, alcoholism or violence.
5
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Wpływ rozwodu rodziców na dorosłe życie ich dzieci

80%
Piotrowska M.
Rocznik Andragogiczny
|
2010
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vol. R. 2010
EN
The divorce is a very important problem in modern family. This is a dynamic phenomenon. In Poland, for example, one in three marriages disintegrates. For everyone divorce is a very painful experience. The children, they are the one who suffer most, beaucouse their emontional peace is shattered. Parents need some 2 or 4 years to adapt to the new reality after divorce but children need more - 10 or 15 years to overcome negative feelings of pain, anger, shame or despair. In the article I present the general review of research concerning the matter of adult children of the divorced parents and also my own results of the research. In my opinion, research among the people affected by divorce is extremely difficult. Divorce invokes in every involved person (including parents and their children) strong feelings of pain and misery. The knowledge from research might be used in practice, for example in education or therapeutic programs, which could help in better working out the loss caused to the children by parent's divorce. Such knowledge may also help in ‘new start' in family life after a divorce.
6
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Vliv věkové a vzdělanostní homogamie a sňatkového věku na stabilitu prvního manželství

70%
Pakosta P.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2012
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vol. 6
|
issue 1
51-75
EN
As the probability to marry is stratified and differs for people with certain characteristics, it can be expected that some marriages are more likely to end in divorce than others. Among others in the literature the divorce risk factors are often mentioned: too low or too high age, marriage, educational level (low or high education) or educational or age heterogamy. This article describes the effects of age and education of both spouses and their combinations (heterogamy or homogamy) on the stability of marriage in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 2007. Analysis (using event history analysis) is based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and examines those individuals who entered into marriage in 1994. Although, the effect of age at marriage itself is found to be weak, the interaction between age at marriage for men and women exhibits more significant effects. The relationship between education and divorce risk takes the form of an inverted U: people with basic education and people with higher education have the lowest risk of divorce. The assumption of greater stability among homogamous couples is not observed; however, the probability of divorce is higher among heterogamous marriages where the woman is older or has higher education than man.
7
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Práce jako řešení? Strategie obživy osamělých matek v ČR

61%
Dudova R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 4
753-785
EN
When examining the gender of institutions of parenthood, lone motherhood is a key issue. In this article the authoress focuses on the economic implications of lone motherhood and on the strategies that women living with children without a partner develop in order to ensure their livelihood. The authoress begins by presenting the theoretical background and some results from European and North American research on lone motherhood. She then provides an overview of research on lone parenthood done in the Czech Republic since 1959. Finally, the authoress describes the qualitative study she conducted on divorced mothers. The results show how women deal economically with marital separation and which livelihood strategies they opt for. The research methodology was based on constructivist grounded theory and the technique of interviews. From the research results the authoress distinguishes five basic strategies that can be combined and that are based on the sources that women have at their disposal. Those strategies may differ in terms of their degree of success, dependence/independence on others, and their efficacy at different points in time. The results also indicate that the success of these working strategies depends mainly on the age of the youngest child in the family and the caring responsibilities required by that age. The authoress argues that while for some women heading one-parent families paid work is an option that allows them to obtain a certain degree of independence and self-confidence, its efficacy depends on the context and immediate conditions in which the women find themselves. Overstressing the employment of lone mothers as a universal solution may thus lead to new dependencies.
8

SEXUAL MORALITY IN THE TEACHING OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH (Moralnosc seksualna w nauczaniu Kosciola katolickiego)

61%
Dudziak U.
|
2010
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2(57)
177-190
EN
Human sexuality is a value of exceptional importance both for particular individuals and society as a whole. Therefore it calls for protection. This protection consists of moral norms that the Catholic Church has clearly and unambiguously exposed in her documents. The mass media, however, advocate permissivism and moral liberalism, materialism, hedonism, and consumerism. They may confuse their recipients with regard to valid norms of sexual behaviour. Approving that man will not be truly happy if he rejects the laws written in his nature by God (HV 31), and assuming responsibility for one's own development and formation of the young generation, we should state that it is extremely needed to remind people of teaching in the sphere of sexual morality. It contains especially hints on premarital chastity, marital faithfulness, and indissolubility of marriage.
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