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LATENT ECONOMY OF THE 'AU PAIR' CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMME

100%
Bahna M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2005
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vol. 37
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issue 5
449-474
EN
At the beginning of the 1990s the typical participants of the 'au pair' scheme were predominantly middle-class girls from Western Europe. However, this has changed in the last decades and girls from Eastern Europe have prevailed in the au pair stays which continue to be defined as 'cultural exchange'. Thus the meaning of the term 'au pair' has started to change, mainly because of the significantly different life experiences, material and structural backgrounds of au pairs from post-communist countries, such as Slovakia, the Czech Republic or Hungary, and because of the growing demand for a low-cost solution of child care in the West. The piecemeal transformation of the programme of cultural exchange to a part of the 'child care strategy' in Western European countries gives the au pair scheme an economic dimension hidden behind the official definition of the programme. This study, based on data from Internet agencies that mediate au pair stays, finds statistically significant differences in characteristics of an au pair from Eastern and Western Europe. It also states that there is coherence between the characteristics of au pairs and the economic situations of their countries of origin. The key differences in strategies of the 'Eastern' and 'Western' au pair are presented in the final typology.
2

NOVÁ PRÁVNA ÚPRAVA DOMÁCKEJ PRÁCE A TELEPRÁCE

100%
Barancová H.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 1
3 – 18
EN
The amendment to the Labour Code, which entered into force on 1 March 2021, brought about fundamental changes in the legal regulation of domestic work and telework. It changed not only the concept of domestic work and telework, its positive and negative definition, but also the content of domestic work. For the employers, the amendment to the Labour Code extended the scope of legal obligations and for the employees the scope of subjective rights. The rights and obligations of the employee and the employer in the performance of domestic work or telework depend mainly on the way of organizing working time. If the working time of domestic work or telework is scheduled by the employer, his/her interference in the way the employee performs work is significantly wider than in the scheduling of working time by the employee himself/herself, for which there are more deviations compared to the performance of „standard“ employment. In addition to their positive effects, new technologies and related digital forms of work have begun to blur the differences between an employee‘s work and family life. Therefore, for the first time, the legislator has regulated the employee‘s right to „disconnect“.
3
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Dynamika domácích prací z globálního hlediska

100%
Hendlova T.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2007
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vol. 8
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issue 1
6-13
EN
The article covers the topic of women's migration from poorer countries to the so called First World to provide domestic work and care giving. On the one hand, their movement is caused by the demand for domestic labor in rich countries where double career couples resolve the dilemma of reconciliation of public and private spheres by externalization of domestic work. On the other hand, the supply is significant. Migration and provision of domestic service is often the only survival strategy available to women from developing countries due to high unemployment and few working opportunities. The practice of hiring a migrant as domestic worker creates global care chains (Hochschild, 2001) that connect women engaged in care giving - those who are postponing it and those who are providing it. Migrant women hold an unequal position in these chains. They comprise a cheap labor in the informal private sector and so are vulnerable to abusive treatment. To tackle such discrimination, the patriarchal system stereotyping both women's and men's roles has to be challenged on the both sides of the care chain: in the developed as well developing countries.
4
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GENDER AND GLOBALISATION: LABOUR CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

88%
Kolarova M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2006
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vol. 42
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issue 6
1241-1257
EN
The article focuses on gender aspects of globalisation and global restructuring and criticises the masculine bias of mainstream theories of globalisation. It is aimed at adding a global dimension to Czech gender studies. It looks at the way in which globalisation is gendered and based on gender ideologies, and how global restructuring affects and change gender systems. Primarily economic globalisation is addressed, and the changes in the organisation of labour globally are examined. Global production is dependent on cheap women's labour in the factories of multi-national corporations in the global south. The process of rendering labour more flexible and informal is associated with its feminisation. Care work and migration are also becoming feminised on a global scale. The article also analyses domestic work performed in the United States and Western Europe by women migrants from developing countries. All these processes are occurring within the context of neo-liberal policies and the changing role of states amidst a global restructuring, which needs to be examined from a gender perspective.
5
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THE POLISH FEMALE IMMIGRANT NICHE. DOMESTIC CLEANERS IN NEW YORK CITY AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

88%
Sosnowska A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2017
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vol. 43
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issue 1 (163)
111-132
EN
Referring to historical and sociological literature, and based on extensive fieldwork in Greenpoint, Brooklyn in 2006 and 2010, the text presents a particular interpretation of the Polish female immigrants’ work experience in the position of live-out domestic cleaners in New York City. My interpretation is that their work, as they see it, contains elements of both small business enterprise and live-out servant. Generally, Polish Greenpoint cleaners associated small business-like characteristics with working in the middle and upper-middle class homes in Manhattan, while servitude-like ones – with working in the lower middle class Hasidic homes in Brooklyn.
6
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THE AU PAIR EMPLOYERS: WHO ARE THEY, WHOM THEY SEARCH FOR AND WHAT DO THEY AWAIT?

75%
Bahna M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2006
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vol. 38
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issue 3
245 – 266
EN
The starting point of our work is the often-stated re-emergence of individual paid childcare in western countries. We begin with an overview of the dominant explanations presented in literature available. Using data from online au pair agencies we try to answer the questions presented in the title of this study focusing on the differences between countries in demand and expectations. After presenting the results we try to validate the dominant explanations of the re-emergence of housemaids in western households via a confrontation with our findings. While failing in the attempt to prove that the influence of growing employment of women, the unwillingness of men to involve in doing housework and the shortcoming and dismantling of (subsidized) institutional childcare are in an anticipated correlation with demand for paid childcare we present alternative hypothesis to explain the phenomenon discussed.
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