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THE FIRST ATTEMPTS AT CREATING DRAMATIC RECITATIVE: JACOPO PERI - GIULIO CACCINI (Pierwsze proby recytatywu dramatycznego: Jacopo Peri - Giulio Caccini)

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Szweykowski Z. M.

Muzyka

2009

vol. 54

issue 2(213)

3-47

The article presents analyses of selected parallel sections of the scores of 'L'Euridice' written by Peri and Caccini, and synthetic comparisons undertaken in the area of the rhythmic and interval structure of the recitative, the treatment of the poetic verse, the melodics and the features of modal shaping. They demonstrate how these composers, in spite of belonging to the same circle, working at the same time on the same dramatic text, and following the same general principles, produced very different music. Peri, by employing highly differentiated solutions more frequently, enabled the performer to present situations in a more dramatic way. His approach to technical devices indicates that he always took into account the fact that the text was to be performed on stage, and thus in accordance with the art of acting, while the purpose of the music was to add depth to the gesture of the singer-actor. In this, he was following more closely the theoretical principles postulated by Corsi's circle. The fundamental feature of Caccini's recitative is its lyricism, expressed both in the melodic type and the sparse use of harmonic devices. The stamp of solo lyricism is apparent in the whole of his score of 'L'Euridice'. At that time, Caccini was creating a new monodic style, suitable primarily for vocal lyricism. However, faced with a dramatic text, this style (in spite of the composer's assurances) turned out to be insufficient to express such diametrically different emotional states as those through which Rinuccini took his heroes.

THE ITALIAN WEDDINGS OF THE ARCHDUKES OF GRAZ AND THE BEGINNINGS OF OPERA IN POLAND

100%

Przybyszewska-Jarminska B.

Muzyka

2005

vol. 50

issue 3(198)

3-27

The paper presents the beginnings of opera in Poland in the context of the dynastic connections of the Polish Vasa kings, Zygmunt III Vasa and his son Wladyslaw IV, with the Habsburg house of the archdukes of Graz (the imperial house from 1619), and the marriage links between the children of Charles II of the Habsburg family and Maria von Wittelsbach, and the Italian families Medici and Gonzaga. It concentrates on the marriages of the archduchesses Anna, Constantia, Margaret and Maria Magdalena, Emperor Ferdinand II and Archduke Leopold, and recalls the celebrations in Florence in 1625, organized by Maria Magdalena in honour of Wladyslaw in the hope of bringing about the prince's marriage to her daughter Margherita. The paper puts forward the suggestion that the preparation of the first confirmed staging of an opera in Poland - 'Gli amori di Aci e Galatea' (Warsaw 27 February 1628) - may have involved the wife of Ferdinand II, Empress Eleonora Gonzaga from the Mantuan house, who wanted the Prince to be favourably disposed towards marrying the Emperor's daughter. Attention is drawn to the participation of the Austrian side in organizing the theatrical aspect of the celebrations at the wedding of Wladyslaw IV and Princess Cecilia Renata, which took place in Warsaw in September 1637, and to the fact that the subject of the work was suggested by the Archduchess Claudia née Medici, the widow of Archduke Leopold. Another significant aspect is the arrival from Vienna of Italian musicians with previous links to Empress Eleonora's native Mantuan court. These included: Margherita Basile Cattanea, Lucia Rubini and her husband Giovanni Battista Rubini, and Johann Nauwach; Archduchess Claudia may have also been accompanied by Vincenzo Scapitta da Valenza, her previous maestro di cappella. It is almost certain that the person responsible for the ballets was the Italian balletmaster and choreographer Santi Ventura, who was employed at the imperial court.

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2 Muzyka

1 Przybyszewska-Jarminska B.

1 Szweykowski Z. M.

1 2009

1 2005

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THE FIRST ATTEMPTS AT CREATING DRAMATIC RECITATIVE: JACOPO PERI - GIULIO CACCINI (Pierwsze proby recytatywu dramatycznego: Jacopo Peri - Giulio Caccini)

THE ITALIAN WEDDINGS OF THE ARCHDUKES OF GRAZ AND THE BEGINNINGS OF OPERA IN POLAND