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1

A Proposal for a Flexible Trend Specification in DSGE Models

100%
Slanicay M.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2016
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
73-85
EN
In this paper I propose a flexible trend specification for estimating DSGE models on log differences. I demonstrate this flexible trend specification on a New Keynesian DSGE model of two economies, which I consequently estimate on data from the Czech economy and the euro area, using Bayesian techniques. The advantage of the trend specification proposed is that the trend component and the cyclical component are modelled jointly in a single model. The proposed trend specification is flexible in the sense that smoothness of the trend can be easily modified by different calibration of some of the trend parameters. The results suggest that this method is capable of finding a very reasonable trend in the data. Moreover, comparison of forecast performance reveals that the proposed specification offers more reliable forecasts than the original variant of the model.
2

Inflation Target and its Impact on Macroeconomy in the Zero Lower Bound Environment: the case of the Czech economy

100%
Hloušek M.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2016
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
3-16
EN
This paper uses a stochastic simulation of a DSGE model of the Czech economy to study the macroeconomic consequences of inflation target setting when interest rates are constrained by the zero lower bound. The distortions of this constraint depend non-linearly on the inflation target. For an inflation target of two percent the costs are negligible, but they increase steeply with lower target values. The largest impact is on the average values of output, consumption and investment; inflation is only slightly influenced. The volatility of all the variables considered increases significantly, but only for inflation targets that are close to zero. An inflation target of four percent does not bring additional benefits either in terms of lower volatility or in terms of higher average values.
3

Estimating DSGE model parameters in a small open economy: Do real-time data matter?

88%
Capek J.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2015
|
vol. 15
|
issue 1
89-114
EN
This paper investigates the differences between parameters estimated using real-time and those estimated with revised data. The models used are New Keynesian DSGE models of the Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Swiss, and Swedish small open economies in interaction with the euro area. The paper also offers an analysis of data revisions of GDP growth and inflation and trend revisions of interest rates. Data revisions are found to be unbiased and not autocorrelated in all countries. Inflation is usually measured more accurately in real-time than GDP growth, but this is not the case in the euro area. The results of the core analysis suggest that there are significant differences between parameter estimates using real-time data and those estimated using revised data. The model parameters that are most prone to significant differences between real-time and revised estimations are habit in consumption and persistence of domestic supply, of demand, and of world-wide technology shocks. The impulse response analysis suggests that the model behavior based on real-time and revised data is different.
4
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Zdolności prognostyczne nowokeynesistowskich modeli DSGE małej skali ewnątrz próby. Próba porównania dla gospodarki Polski

75%
Kuchta Z., Katedra Funkcjonowania Gospodarki I. E.
Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii
|
2014
|
vol. 2(35)
EN
This paper compares the in-sample forecasting performance of the new Keynesian small scale DSGE models. The comparison includes the standard sticky prices model and sticky prices and wages model of Erceg, Henderson and Levin. VAR models are used as the baseline. Comparison of forecasting errors has shown that Erceg, Henderson and Levin’s model is characterized by better forecasting performance than the sticky prices model with respect to inflation, production and real wages. Moreover, it better predicts inflation than the VAR models.
PL
W pracy dokonano porównania zdolności prognostycznych modeli DSGE małej skali wewnątrz próby. W porównaniu wykorzystano podstawowy, nowokeynesistowski model monetarny oraz model Ercega, Hendersona i Levina, który rozszerza model podstawowy na przypadek lepkich płac nominalnych. Dodatkowo w analizie ujęto modele VAR, które stanowią podstawę ułatwiającą porównania. Porównanie błędów prognoz pokazało, że lepszymi zdolnościami prognostycznymi w przypadku inflacji, produkcji oraz realnej stawki płac charakteryzował się model Ercega, Hendersona i Levina. Model ten charakteryzował się również mniejszymi błędami predykcji inflacji niż modele VAR.
5

Structural Differences and Asymmetric Shocks between the Czech Economy and the Euro Area 12

75%
Slanicay M.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2011
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
168-192
EN
The goal of this paper is to determine whether there exist asymmetric shocks and structural differences between the Czech economy and the Euro Area 12. A New Keynesian DSGE model of a small open economy is used for this purpose. Asymmetric shocks and structural differences are examined in two ways. At first, I examine asymmetry of shocks and sources of structural differences, using model comparison based on the Bayes factor. I do not find substantial evidence in favor of heterogeneity in household preferences. I find slight differences in price and wage formation and substantial difference in interest rate smoothing. However, the main differences are in timing, persistence and volatility of structural shocks. I also investigate impact of structural differences and differences in persistence and volatility of structural shocks on the behavior of both economies, using analysis of impulse-response functions. I find no substantial differences in responses of the main variables to preference shocks. On the other hand, I find much larger volatility and persistence of domestic technology shocks. This contributes to the fact that responses of domestic variables to technology shocks are much larger, and display more gradual and hump-shaped pattern than responses of foreign variables. I also find that responses of foreign variables to labour supply shocks are much more gradual and sluggish than responses of domestic variables. As regards monetary shocks, I find that there is almost no response of foreign inflation to foreign monetary shock while response of domestic inflation to domestic monetary shock displays substantial decline followed by gradual recovery. Responses of foreign variables to cost-push shocks are larger and more volatile than responses of domestic variables.
6

Some Notes on Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Background of DSGE Models

75%
Slanicay M.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2014
|
vol. 14
|
issue 2
145-164
EN
In this paper I present the historical, theoretical and empirical background of DSGE models. I show that the fundament of these models lies in optimizing agents framework and argue which impulses fueled the development of DSGE models. I demonstrate the evolution of DSGE models with an accent on the role and effects of the monetary policy, using distinction between RBC models and New Keynesian models. I explain the paradigm shift from the RBC models to the New Keynesian models by pointing out the main pitfalls of the RBC models and showing how adding nominal rigidities to the otherwise standard RBC models enhances empirical properties of these models. I also discuss how nominal rigidities are modeled in New Keynesian DSGE models and what the pros and cons of different approaches are. Finally, I review the most important New Keynesian theories of nominal rigidities and some of the empirical evidence on price and wage rigidities
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