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1

SAMPLE SIZE NEGLECT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

100%
Lem S., Dooren W. V., Gillard E., Verschaffel L.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
123-135
EN
Sample size neglect problems are frequently used in dual process research, but very different accuracy rates are often reported for these problems. This systematic literature review is aimed at identifying factors that possibly underlie these differences. The review points at many task and participant characteristics that (may) account for these different accuracy rates. The implications for studies using sample size neglect problems are discussed, as well as the need for further research to better understand this type of problem and the reasoning processes it evokes.
2

UTILITARIZMUS AKO PRAKTICKÁ VOĽBA S EMPIRICKOU PODPOROU V ETIKE JOSHUU GREENA – KRITICKÁ REFLEXIA

88%
Spodniak S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2021
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vol. 76
|
issue 6
451 – 464
EN
The aim of this paper is to critically analyse Joshua Greene’s arguments in favour of utilitarianism and against deontology. There are two main arguments with which Greene supports his utilitarian ethical position. The first is meta-ethical argument, which redefines the purpose of ethics as a search for those moral norms and principles that fulfil our practical need to resolve moral conflicts in the most successful way. The second argument is based on Greene’s psychological research on trolley problems. The thesis of this paper is that the stated arguments do not sufficiently justify favouring utilitarianism over deontology. It is an unjustified belief that the aim of ethics should be the search for the most successful way to resolve moral conflicts. There is at least one alternative position, according to which the role of ethics is to find the best way to deal with human vulnerability and dependence on other members of society. Acceptance of this interpretation of ethics would inevitably lead to acceptance of the deontological language of appeals to moral duties and obligations, which Greene rejects.
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