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EN
The purpose of the paper is to show the influence of Charles de Gaulle and Michel Debré on the Constitution of the French Republic of October 4, 1958. The author performs it using texts more than a decade older than the Constitution itself – a study The Constitutional problem of France and the Bayeux Speech. Consequently, the ideas and solutions proposed at the time of the Republic of World War II are a subject of comparison with the text of the Constitution of 1958. In this way it became possible to show the invariability of what de Gaulle used to call une certaine idée de la France constituting the axis of the acquis intellectual gaullists.
PL
Celem pracy jest ukazanie wpływu Charlesa de Gaulle i Michela Debré na Konstytucję Republiki Francuskiej z 4 października 1958 r. Autor czyni to z wykorzystaniem tekstów o ponad dekadę starszych od samej Konstytucji – studium Konstytucyjny problem Francji i Wystąpienia w Bayeux. W konsekwencji, idee i rozwiązania zaproponowane w momencie dźwigania się Republiki z II wojny światowej porównane zostały z tekstem ustawy zasadniczej z 1958 r. Możliwe w ten sposób stało się ukazanie niezmienności tego, co de Gaulle zwykł nazywać une certaine idée de la France stanowiącej oś dorobku intelektualnego gaullistów.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to show the influence of Charles de Gaulle and Michel Debré on the Constitution of the French Republic of October 4, 1958. The author performs it using texts more than a decade older than the Constitution itself – a study The Constitutional problem of France and the Bayeux Speech. Consequently, the ideas and solutions proposed at the time of the Republic of World War II are a subject of comparison with the text of the Constitution of 1958. In this way it became possible to show the invariability of what de Gaulle used to call une certaine idée de la France constituting the axis of the acquis intellectual gaullists.
PL
Celem pracy jest ukazanie wpływu Charlesa de Gaulle i Michela Debré na Konstytucję Republiki Francuskiej z 4 października 1958 r. Autor czyni to z wykorzystaniem tekstów o ponad dekadę starszych od samej Konstytucji – studium Konstytucyjny problem Francji i Wystąpienia w Bayeux. W konsekwencji, idee i rozwiązania zaproponowane w momencie dźwigania się Republiki z II wojny światowej porównane zostały z tekstem ustawy zasadniczej z 1958 r. Możliwe w ten sposób stało się ukazanie niezmienności tego, co de Gaulle zwykł nazywać une certaine idée de la France stanowiącej oś dorobku intelektualnego gaullistów.
EN
In the 1930s, France epitomized a weakness of parliamentary democracy. Third Republic, that was recognized by many European countries as a model political system, was actually hit by a grave crisis combined with an increase of popularity of authoritarian trends. Undoubtedly, ineffectiveness of the French model of parliamentary democracy contributed to the fall of republican France in 1940. An in-depth and interesting analysis, which may also be recognized as an attempt made to overcome the weaknesses of parliamentary democracy, was put forward by Michel Debré in his writings published in the WWII years. One of the reasons why his draft of a rationalized parlia­mentary system deserves special attention is that this document inspired establishment of the Fifth Republic. Debré offered an exceptional lesson of critical thinking about the political system. This outstanding lawyer was able to correctly identify and effectively eliminate the vices of parliament­ary governments.
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