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EN
Mitigation and adaptation are the main strategies to address climate change. Both of them are interrelated instruments and key elements of an integral approach to tackle the phenomenon. This interrelation is particularly strong in the land use sector, an area in which practically any policy has a significant effect on the goals of both strategies. Yet, in practice, mitigation and adaptation are treated as two different instruments. A poor understanding about the interactions between the mentioned strategies remains as a barrier to implement the integrated approach. To contribute to fill-in this knowledge gap, a hypothetical ecologic-economic system simulated under deep uncertainty was used to test environmental and welfare implications of different policy configurations. Taking the unregulated economy as a benchmark, the outcomes of the mentioned interventions were classified as synergies or different forms of trade-offs. Results indicate that measures based on internalization of externalities overcame monetary compensation schemes. Moreover, when externalities were corrected, synergies were more frequent and associated to higher environmental and welfare gains. Furthermore, the policy configuration that exhibited best synergic properties was an intervention integrating mitigation and adaptation measures. This indicates that synergies may be more accessible than previously considered, however, current policy approach and incentives may not be the best tools to trigger them.
PL
Nielegalne pozyskiwanie drewna oznacza, iż jego pozyskanie nastąpiło z naruszeniem przepisów kraju pozyskania. Jest to problem o charakterze globalnym, wywołujący poważne i negatywne skutki nie tylko o charakterze środowiskowym, ale również gospodarczym i społecznym. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje instrumenty Unii Europejskiej mające na celu przeciwdziałanie handlowi nielegalnie pozyskanym drewnem na rynku Unii Europejskiej. Instrumenty te podzielone zostały na dwie grupy: wewnętrze i międzynarodowe. Następnie została dokonana analiza ich zakresu materialnego, ale również podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaki jest ich charakter prawny, zarówno w prawie Unii Europejskiej, jak i w systemach krajowych państw członkowskich. Innymi słowy, czy mogą one efektywnie przyczynić się do przeciwdziałania handlowi nielegalnie pozyskanym drewnem na unijnym rynku wewnętrznym.
EN
Illegal logging is a significant problem of major international community concern because it has a devastating impact on some of the world’s most valuable remaining forests and contributes to tropical deforestation and forest degradation. Furthermore, it threatens biodiversity and undermines sustainable forest management, having a negative impact on poverty reduction, sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development. The article presents instruments adopted by the EU in order to combat illegal timber logging. The author describes their material scope and legal character, dividing them into two groups: internal and international legally binding instruments and soft law instruments, in order to answer the question about their legal character and position in the EU legal order and in national orders of the Member States.
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