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PL
W literaturze przedmiotu pojawia się coraz więcej publikacji na temat ekosystemów biznesowych, jednak zagadnienia związane z ekosystemami startupów wciąż nie są dostatecznie reprezentowane. Istotne są odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze o genezę, kluczowe elementy, sposób tworzenia wartości i uwarunkowania rozwoju najlepiej funkcjonujących ekosystemów startupów. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kluczowych czynników rozwoju ekosystemów startupów oraz wyłonienie koncepcji mogących być podstawą sformułowania teoretycznych ram i wyznaczenia kierunków dalszych badań empirycznych. W części teoretycznej, opracowanej na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, uwzględniono różne podejścia do charakterystyki i cech ekosystemów startupów. W części badawczej, opartej na analizie studiów przypadków najbardziej rozwiniętych ekosystemów startupów na świecie, opracowano zestawienie czynników mających wpływ, zdaniem badaczy, na rozwój i efektywne działania tego rodzaju ekosystemów biznesowych.
EN
Nowadays, more and more publications on the topic of business ecosystems appear in source literature but the issue of startup ecosystems is still vastly underrepresented. For covering this matter, the answers to research questions about the origin, key elements, ways of creating values, and the conditions of development of the best functioning startup ecosystems are substantial. The aim of the article is to identify key factors of startup ecosystems’ development and choosing concepts that may constitute a base to formulating the theoretical frameworks and designating the directions of further empirical studies. The theoretical part, developed by reviewing research literature, incorporates different approaches and features of startup ecosystems. The research part, based on examination of case studies of the most developed startup ecosystems in the world, includes listing of factors, which have influence on the development and effective operation of business ecosystems of this kind.
EN
Peripheries means the land outside metropolitan areas. One of the main problems in these areas is a lack of growth factors. Some towns can contribute to the development of these regions, because there are few such factors, and it is easier to create the new ones, especially in urban policy. The subject of this paper is a typology of towns within the Polish peripheral coastal regions, limited to towns with more than 5 thousand inhabitants. Its purpose is to recognize diverse role of towns in the regional development, and to create the basis for the formulation of urban and regional policy. Typology takes into account the state of economic development, the external functions of towns, their impact, as well as present and future transport accessibility. Two kinds of systematization were applied: 1) quantitative typology applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm, 2) qualitative classifications. Then synthetic typology was done. As a result of the typology, there were identified important towns for the future development of peripheral areas and formulated the conclusions for regional planning and urban policy.
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