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Kwintus Sertoriusz a Iberowie

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EN
The author of the article deals with three issues. Firstly, he defines the reasons and nature of the changes applied by Sertorius in the treatment of the natives immediately after taking the governorship in Spain. Secondly, he presents Sertorius’ efforts to gain the support of the Iberian elite. Thirdly, he points to the reasons for his support among the broad masses of the Iberians. The author determines that Sertorius’ leading a new, often pioneering, policy towards the Iberian people had one main goal: to provide him with the greatest possible support for the Iberians, which in effect was to lead to mass joining of the natives in the ranks of his army. This policy included granting the natives privileges in the form of exemptions from taxes and from the duty of garrisoning military forces, promoting the Iberian elite and even granting them Roman citizenship. Sertorius did not avoid the use of political propaganda, in which he did not differ from other leaders of his time: Sulla, Pompey and Metellus. These measures ensured him immense popularity. As a result, at the height of the war, tens of thousands of soldiers fought in the Marian ranks and controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula.
EN
The appearances of the god Apollo in Virgil’s Aeneid have been studied with profit as individual episodes, but rarely with attention to the progress of the poet’s employment of the god in his narrative. This paper endeavors to examine all the references to Apollo in the poem, with a view to demonstrating that the god who presided over Octavian’s victory at Actium is employed by Virgil as a key figure in his account of how Rome will ultimately be Italian and not Trojan in culture and mores.
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