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Digitalisation in the Regional Context: The Case of E-Government Services in Latvia

100%
Muravska T., Stacenko S., Zeibote Z.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2018
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vol. 4
251-266
EN
This article examines problems related to digital trends in economies and societies from two perspectives: the extension of a digital economy to social dimensions, and the role of digital government services in regional cohesion perspectives in Latvia. This methodological approach could serve as a tool for integrating a number of main goals related to the digitalisation trends in the EU, that require support of societies as well as the improvement of social welfare at the regional and national levels. The contribution aims to offer insight into the concept of social investment and innovation as well as co-creation concept and the impact of digitalisation of public services on regional cohesion. The study observes these implications in relation to the need to expand and adapt the content and approach of the digital services implementation. The further digital development as a precondition for diminishing regional and wellbeing divide, facilitating administrative processes for people and entrepreneurs, as well as e-services availability in Latvia is discussed. The article concludes that efficient decision-making related to social investment and innovation for improving social welfare at regional and national levels needs implementation of digitalised services in a wider scale as they inevitably become more important due to the increased digital competitiveness of countries.
2
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE, CONTENT, AND DIGITAL COMPETENCE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL TELECOLLABORATIVE PROJECT WORK

88%
Casañ-Pitarch R., Candel-Mora M. Á.
Teaching English with Technology
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2021
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vol. 21
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issue 1
29-47
EN
Telecollaboration seems to be a present emerging practice in education. In this sense, telecollaboration is wide and covers several areas of work and study, and it can also concern hybrid ones. This research focuses on developing learners’ digital competence, English language skills for professional purposes, and knowledge on recycling matters through a telecollaborative project work. The framework for this study is based on Spiers and Bartlett’s (2012) model on developing language, content, and digital skills, and it also focuses on the taxonomy of communication acts in professional contexts introduced by Lehman and DuFrene (2013). Students had to work collaboratively in groups of four students, from two different institutions and countries, and create a blog on the topic of recycling matters, analyzing the current problems and offering possible solutions. Students were tested before and after the project in order to measure their progress within the different areas of study. Results showed that this telecollaborative project work was potentially beneficial; the experimental group performed better in all the areas tested after this project. In conclusion, it seems that telecollaboration projects helped develop the target skills in this research following an integrated learning approach.
3
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From the Classroom to the Newsroom: Evaluating the Impact of Media Practice on Digital Competence in Higher Education

63%
Furtáková L.
Media Literacy and Academic Research
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2024
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vol. 7
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issue 1
72-94
EN
Digital literacy and related digital competences are now an integral part of media work. Changes in technology and audience consumption habits have forced media professionals to acquire a wide range of digital skills. These include not only technical skills, such as mastery of digital tools and platforms, but also the ability to communicate and present content effectively in a digital environment. The aim of this study is to explore the level of digital competences of students who work in university media, compared to those who study at the faculty but are not part of its media. It also focuses on identifying the level of each of the DigComp framework’s digital competence areas that future media workers should develop in order to remain competitive. Research has shown that students working in university media have a higher total score in digital competence (75%) than students not working in (university) media (65%). It was also found that the most developed area for both groups of students is Communication and collaboration, followed by Information and data literacy. In contrast, the weakest area for both groups is Digital content creation. In terms of specific competencies, both groups have the same most developed competency, Netiquette, and the least developed competency, Programming. In general, however, students not working in (university) media have a total score in digital competence as well as in individual areas at the same level as the Generation Z average, and students working in university media are above the Generation Z average in all areas, confirming that working in media alongside media studies has a positive impact on raising levels of digital competence.
4
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Digital Literacy and Awareness of User Location Privacy: What People in Turkey Know About Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports?

51%
Paslanmaz Uluğ İ. N., Sütcü C. S.
Studia i Analizy Nauk o Polityce
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2023
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issue 1
83-120
PL
W momencie wybuchu pandemii COVID-19 ani władze państwowe, ani zakłady opieki zdrowotnej, ani duże firmy technologiczne nie były przygotowane na podjęcie walki z tą chorobą. Aby zapobiec rozprzestrzenianiu się COVID-19, na szeroką skalę prowadzono kontrolę kontaktów międzyludzkich za pomocą danych o lokalizacji, głównie narzędzi technologicznych, zwłaszcza smartfonów. Podczas pandemii z powodu blokady narzuconej przez rządy pojawiły się także trudności gospodarcze. Z tej przyczyny aplikacje dystansowania społecznego i śledzenia kontaktów stały się powszechne, aby jak najszybciej zapobiec chorobie. Takie strategie negatywnie wpłynęły na postrzeganie prywatności przez jednostki, ponieważ władze nadały priorytet zbieraniu danych od osób fizycznych w celu zapobiegania pandemii. Z drugiej strony organizacje pozarządowe zasugerowały, że preferowane powinno być podejście „przede wszystkim prywatność” i „zdecentralizowanie” zamiast „przede wszystkim dane” i „scentralizowanie”. Aby pomóc w walce z wirusem, firmy Google i Apple opracowały zdecentralizowany wspólny interfejs API, zgodny także z ogólnym rozporządzeniem Unii Europejskiej o ochronie danych. W szczególności Google regularnie udostępniało publicznie „raporty mobilności społeczności Google” (ang. Google Community Mobility Reports – GCMR), anonimizując dane gromadzone z Map Google. Korzystając z tych raportów, użytkownicy uzyskiwali dane dotyczące ruchu w takich kategoriach miejsc, jak: handel detaliczny i rekreacja, supermarkety i apteki, parki i transport publiczny, miejsca pracy i zamieszkania.Problem badawczy artykułu stanowi następujące pytanie: Czy osoby mieszkające w Turcji są świadome, że ich dane o lokalizacji i ruchu są śledzone przez Mapy Google i aplikacje do śledzenia kontaktów w celu zapobiegania rozprzestrzenianiu się COVID-19? Autorzy artykułu zbadali również motywacje Turków do pobierania aplikacji do śledzenia lokalizacji. Zastanawiali się, czy respondenci podejmowali niezbędne kroki w celu ochrony swojej prywatności. Sprawdzili, czy mają oni obawy dotyczące możliwego przyszłego wykorzystania danych śledzenia kontaktów zebranych przez władze zdrowotne w Turcji i inne instytucje, takie jak np. Google.Grupę respondentów stanowili użytkownicy smartfonów. Badania zostały zrealizowane za pomocą ankiety online z wykorzystaniem Formularzy Google. Ankieta składała się głównie z pytań narracyjnych. Respondenci byli proszeni o wyobrażenie sobie różnych scenariuszy, w których producenci aplikacji, operatorzy/producenci telefonów komórkowych lub rząd wykorzystywali niektóre ze swoich danych do badania lub łagodzenia rozprzestrzeniania się COVID-19. Następnie między 15 grudnia 2020 r. a 2 stycznia 2021 r. autorzy za pośrednictwem różnych sieci społecznościowych rozpowszechnili link do ankiety. Ankieta została przeprowadzona anonimowo. Analizie ilościowej poddano 444 kwestionariuszy ankiet. Jak wskazują wyniki badań, poziom umiejętności cyfrowych badanych osób jest wysoki, co warunkuje wysoki poziom ich wykształcenia. Jednocześnie analiza odpowiedzi pokazała, że respondenci nie czytają warunków oferowanych w aplikacjach. Osoby dbające o prywatność wyraziły chęć udostępniania swoich danych w trosce o zdrowie publiczne. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż wiedza ankietowanych na temat GCMR jest niewystarczająca. Respondenci byli niezdecydowani, a nadto martwili się wykorzystaniem ich danych przez władze w przyszłości ze względu na niepewność doświadczaną w okresie pandemii.
EN
At the outbreak of the COVID-19, governments, health organizations and large technology companies were not prepared for the measures to be taken against the disease. Contact tracking was widely carried out using location data to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with the use of technological tools, especially smartphones. In this epidemic, economic difficulties also emerged due to the lockdown imposed by the governments. For this reason, social distancing and contact tracing applications have become widespread in order to prevent the disease as soon as possible. Such strategies negatively affected individuals’ perceptions of privacy, because authorities gave priority to collecting data from individuals in order to prevent the epidemic. On the other hand, non-governmental organizations suggested that “privacy-first” and “decentralized” approaches should be preferred instead of “data-first” and “centralized” approaches. In this direction, Google and Apple companies have developed a decentralized common API to help fight the virus, which also complies with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. And in particular, Google has regularly shared Google Community Mobility Reports (GCMR) publicly by anonymizing the data it collects from Google Maps. Using these reports people and authorities can get movement data about different categories of places such as retail and recreation, supermarkets and pharmacies, parks, public transport, workplaces and residential.Our aim is to find out whether individuals in Turkey are aware that their location and movement data are being tracked by Google Maps and contact tracing apps for preventing the spread of COVID-19. We also examined their motivations for downloading location tracing apps and whether they have been taking necessary steps to protect their privacy. We investigated whether they had concerns about the possible future use of contact tracing data collected by the health authorities in Turkey and other institutions like Google. The scope of the study covers smartphone users. We collected data through an online survey using Google Forms. Our survey consists mostly of narrative questions, where we asked respondents to imagine various scenarios where app manufacturers, mobile phone operators/manufacturers, or the government were using some of their data to study or mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Then, between 12.15.2020/01.02.2021 we distributed the survey link to the participants through various social media networks. We reported the results of the data of 444 people collected anonymously by quantitative analysis methods. As a result of the study, it was determined that the digital literacy levels of the individuals are high due to their high education level. Despite this, it has been revealed that the participants do not read the terms and conditions offered in apps. Individuals who care about privacy expressed their willingness to share their data for the sake of public health. As an answer to the main question of our study, it was concluded that the participants’ knowledge of GCMR was insufficient. As a matter of fact, it was understood that individuals were indecisive and worried about the use of their data by the authorities in the future due to the uncertainty experienced during the pandemic period.
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