In this paper I examine the testimonium of Aristotle’s Rhetoric concerning Diogenes the Cynic (SSR V B 184). This piece of evidence is the most ancient source of Diogenes and proves that Aristotle was familiar with his writings. I also study the testimonium on Diogenes that is handed down by Theophrastus (SSR V B 172), which confirms the interest of the ancient Peripatos in this philosopher. Finally, I examine a passage of Book 1 of the Politics where Aristotle refers to the thesis on the abolition of money. I argue that such a thesis could be ascribed to Diogenes. In particular, I attempt to demonstrate that several theses of political philosophy put forward by Diogenes should be considered as constituting a polemical overthrow of the corresponding theses of Aristotle in Book 1 of his Politics.
An explanation is put forward regarding what Philodemus the Epicurean could have read in Diogenes the Cynic’s Republic to make the enforcing of males one of his proposals. Diogenes, in propria persona or through a mouthpiece in this dialogue, may have adduced the example of sexual coercion that the Spartan constitution exerted on all the youngsters of the city. The Cynic probably held the same point of view on the issue in the Republic and in his tragedy Chrysippus.
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