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PL
W twórczości Helgi M. Novak problematyka przemocy wobec grup i jednostek w ramach każdego systemu społeczno-politycznego stanowi jeden z najważniejszych kręgów tematycznych. O specyfice ujęcia tej kwestii decyduje powiązanie jej w sposób szczególny z literackim przedstawieniem procesów konstytuowania się tożsamości indywidualnej i zbiorowej. Bowiem Novak, kreując postaci literackie doznające przemocy i ukazując jej wpływ na projekty tożsamościowe swych bohaterów, ukazuje te doświadczenia nie tylko przez pryzmat ich destrukcyjnego wpływu na jednostkę czy grupę, lecz przypisuje im także swoistą moc sprawczą, polegającą na stymulowaniu działań ukierunkowanych na tworzenie wciąż to innych modeli życia w stale zmieniających się warunkach. Również problematyka dyskryminacji kobiet oraz grup ucieleśniających ‚odmienność‘ kulturową, wyznaniową, etniczną czy w końcu narodową odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę w utworach Helgi Novak. Tym zagadnieniom poświęcony jest niniejszy artykuł.
EN
The issue of violence towards groups and individuals within every sociopolitical system is one of the main thematic areas in the works of Helga M. Novak. The specificity of her writing on this issue lies in the way she links it with literary presentation of the processes of individual and group identity formation. In her creation of literary characters, who undergo violence and whose identities are influenced by violence, Novak not only presents these experiences as being destructive for an individual or a group but also ascribes to them a specific power which stimulates actions directed at a formation of ever new life models in constantly changing conditions. The problem of discrimination of women and groups embodying cultural, religious, ethnical and national ‚otherness‘ constitutes an extremely significant aspect in the works of Helga Novak. The article encompasses these very issues.
DE
Die Problematisierung von Gewalt gegenüber Gruppen und Individuen im Rahmen jeglichen sozialpolitischen Systems gehört zu den wichtigsten literarischen Anliegen im Werk Helga M. Novaks. Über die spezifische Behandlung dieses Themenkreises entscheidet die enge Verschränkung der Gewaltproblematik mit der Darstellung von Prozessen individueller und kollektiver Identitätsbildung. Indem die Autorin ihre literarischen Figuren in Situationen versetzt, in denen sie stets körperlicher und/oder emotionaler Gewalt ausgesetzt werden und diese Erfahrung dann zur wichtigsten Motivation ihrer Protagonisten/innen für die Erarbeitung immer neuer Ich-Entwürfe stilisiert, spricht Novak der erlebten Gewalt nicht nur destruktive Potentiale zu, sondern räumt ihr auch eine (letztlich) positive Kraft ein. Diese besteht in der Stimulierung menschlicher Aktivitäten zur Herausbildung wechselnder Lebensprojekte unter dem Zwang der sich verändernden (Um)Welt. Die Thematisierung von Identität und Gewalt in literarischen Texten Novaks geht oft mit der Auseinandersetzung mit der Diskriminierung der Frauen sowie kulturell/ethnisch/national ‚Anderen‘/‚Fremden‘ einher. Diesen Fragen ist der vorliegende Beitrag gewidmet.
EN
Spreewald Forest. (On) The Smallest Slavonic People – The Sorbs and Wends Upper and Lower Lusatia with mountains in the Southern border region with the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and the natural and cultural water landscapes of the Spreewald Forest are the native lands of the Slavonic Sorbs and Wends with a unique history, language, and culture. The ancestor of the Sorbs and Wends came here in the 6th century, and both peoples are closely related to their Western Slavonic brethren, the Czechs and Poles. In their complicated history they had to experience persecution, assimilation, and displacement, language prohibition, deportation, and even extermination included. In their home regions the Sorbs have the right to speak Sorabian/Wendish today, in public, at school, and at court as well. The increasing industrialization provokes more and more calls and activities for the preservation of the unique scenery, and language and culture of the Sorbian minority. The maintenance of the rich culture, customs and traditions of the Sorbs and Wends was and is still an important aspect for their future existence, and self-preservation. They are kept alive in many regions, across language and cultural barriers. General knowledge on this ethnic and cultural minority is in Germany often reduced to customs and mere folklore. Although many Sorbs and Wends are Christians today, most of their cultural heritage, customs and legends are of pagan-originated, a challenging, and interesting offer. The rich culture, lively customs and traditions make the bilingual region a unique, interesting, and attractive place for many visitors that can experience a lot in the triangle border region of Saxony, Bohemia, and Silesia. They may follow the ancient trade route Via Regia as well as the holy route Via Sacra connecting the Lusatia region with important historic and cultural destinations in Poland and the Czech Republic. Interested guest may experience traditions alive, for instance they might follow the traces of Krabat, also called the “Wendish Faust” and main character of the most popular Sorabian/Wendish legend coming from this area. Traditions are part of a well-preserved history and cultural heritage, and they are an integrating practice in modern life of this region, and in policy, too.
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