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The main goal of the article is to describe Walt Disney Studios’ propaganda activity during World War II. The author puts Disney’s production in a wider context of “home front” activity and functioning of the film industry under the coordination of the Office of War Information and within it, the Bureau of Motion Pictures Affairs. He also outlines the usage of propaganda (and film itself for propaganda purposes) both in the USA and Germany before WW II. The main part of the article concentrates on Disney Studios. It analyzes the impact of the war outbreak (as well as of other factors) on financial condition of the company and Disney’s cooperation with Canadian Government and political involvement in South American affairs. A detailed overview and description of several subgenres of cartoons that were produced for the needs of the government and US Army are also given. These were, for example, training films (popularly called “nuts ‘n’ bolt” films”), pure entertainment films as well as “motivation” films which were intended to encourage citizens to buy war bonds, pay taxes or save wastes. Apart from films itself the Burbank studio produced a whole range of other propaganda materials: from war insignia to Mickey Mouse gas masks. The article also contains some reflections on Walt Disney’s political attitude and preferences. Taking into consideration some of his pre-war films and their political meaning as well as producer’s contacts with Nazi Germany the author suggests that in the late 30’s and early 40’s Disney manifested a kind of a fascist inclination.
EN
The article is based on Anabelle Honess Roe’s research in which she analysed the ways that animation is used in Roger Ross Williams’s documentary Life, Animated (2016). It studies how an individual, subjective perspective is evoked in the film. Other documentaries which use animation to tell the story about autism are mentioned as a context.
PL
The article is based on Anabelle Honess Roe’s research in which she analysed the ways that animation is used in Roger Ross Williams’s documentary Life, Animated (2016). It studies how an individual, subjective perspective is evoked in the film. Other documentaries which use animation to tell the story about autism are mentioned as a context. 
EN
This paper examines the purpose of disneyfication of local cultures’ representations in movies based on the analysis of selected examples in animated movies by Walt Disney Studios. The main research problem is the phenomenon of disneyfication of local cultures’ representations in the field of animated movies based on analysis of two examples: Mulan (1998) and Lilo & Stitch (2002), which are, according to the author, representative examples of the described process. Disneyfication is analyzed in this paper as a tool to help universalize the message of animated movies, as a result of which the process can be interpreted as a strategy to reach local markets and achieve commercial success in the sphere of mainstream culture. The author also draws attention to the process of disneyfication as a potential threat to audiences, due to the combination of false media images about selected cultural minorities and attempts to answer the question of whether there has been a change in the studio's approach to the representation of cultural minorities in recent years.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę refleksji nad procesem disneifikacji w obszarze filmu animowanego wchodzącego w skład repertuaru Walt Disney Studios. Główny problem badawczy stanowi zjawisko disneifikacji reprezentacji kultur lokalnych omówione na podstawie dwóch animacji: Mulan (1998) oraz Lilo i Stich (2002), które według autorki są reprezentatywnymi przykładami opisywanego procesu. Disneifikacja analizowana jest jako narzędzie wspomagające uniwersalizację przekazu filmów animowanych, może być więc interpretowana jako strategia umożliwiająca dotarcie na rynki lokalne oraz osiągnięcie komercyjnego sukcesu w kulturze mainstreamowej. Autorka zwraca również uwagę na proces disneifikacji jako potencjalne zagrożenie dla odbiorców ze względu na kreowanie nieprawdziwych mediaobrazów na temat wybranych mniejszości kulturowych oraz próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy w ciągu ostatnich lat nastąpiła zmiana podejścia studia do reprezentacji mniejszości kulturowych.
Historia@Teoria
|
2018
|
vol. 1
|
issue 7
37-50
EN
The article is devoted to the issue of the impact of the new media on the mass culture. Authors have explored community portals using modern methods of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results show that belief in the more democratic, egalitarian character of the new media compared to the traditional corporate model of the mass-media industry may be a delusion as large mass media corporations have also had a great impact on the functioning of social networking sites.
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