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PL
The article discusses the issue of the size of the Russian community in the Kingdom of Poland before the outbreak of World War I and after its end. In the article, I also discuss the problem of the denition and the size of Russian emigration aer 1918. The subject of the further part is the Russian political groupings in Poland and their leading activists. Much space is devoted to the Polish-Russian cultural associations, including prominent Russian intellectuals operating in Poland in the interwar period with the prominent figure of Dmitry Filosofov. The Russian emigration is a problem that requires intensive research by many scholars. They should be carried out to remove harmful myths out of our history.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2014
|
vol. 105
|
issue 1
171-185
PL
Artykuł jest pierwszą prezentacją, zarówno na gruncie polskim, jak i rosyjskim, sylwetki Jewgienii Wiebier-Hiriakowej (1895–1939). Była ona dziennikarką i krytykiem literackim, znakomitym analitykiem kultury sowieckiej. Po rewolucji w Rosji wyjechała na emigrację. W Polsce w latach trzydziestych XX wieku współpracowała z rosyjskimi gazetami emigracyjnymi, redagowanymi przez Dmitrija Fiłosofowa. Publikowała również artykuły w prasie polskiej. Była współzałożycielką rosyjsko-polskiego klubu dyskusyjnego „Domik w Kołomnie”, działającego w Warszawie w latach 1934–1936. Podtrzymywała bliskie kontakty z polską elitą intelektualną, była bliską przyjaciółką Marii Dąbrowskiej. Aneksem do artykułu jest nie wygłoszony i nie opublikowany odczyt Jewgienii Wiebier-Hiriakowej o „Nocach i dniach”.
EN
The article is the first on both Polish and Russian ground presentation of the figure of Yevgeniya Veber-Hiryakova (1895–1939), who was a journalist, literary critic, and an outstanding analyst of Soviet culture. After the revolution in Russia she emigrated. In Poland in the 30s last century she collaborated with Russian newspapers in exile edited by Dmitry Filosofov and also published articles in the Polish press. Veber-Hiryakova was a co-founder of the Polish-Russian discussion club “Domik w Kołomnie” (“A House at Kolomna”) which worked in Warsaw from 1934 to 1936. She also maintained regular contact with Polish intellectual elite and remained Maria Dąbrowska’s close friend. Annexed to the article is an undelivered and unpublished Veber-Hiryakova’s speech on Dąbrowska’s “Noce i dnie (Nights and Days).”
RU
В статье представлена попытка сравнительного анализа восприятия Польши русскими поэтами и писателями, которые ее посетили в межвоенный период (Илья Эренбург, Владимир Маяковский), или эмигрировали сюда (Дмитрий Философов). Их взгляды и оценки обусловлены не только различиями жизненного опыта, духовного горизонта, идеологическими установками, но и степенью знакомства с польской действительностью, культурой. Поначалу весьма поверхностные взгляды и оценки Ильи Эренбурга эволюционировали по мере его ознакомления с польской культурой; восприятие же Польши Дмитрием Философовым основывалось на глубоком погружении в польскую литературу, историю и современную реальность. Вместе с тем, соотнося польский и российский опыт, каждый из них обращался к воображаемому образу России: Эренбург конструировал идеальный образ страны счастья и справедливости, Философов мечтал о «третьей России», следующей традициям Пушкина и Толстого.
EN
The article presents an attempt at a comparative analysis of how Poland was perceived by Russian poets and writers who visited the country in the interwar period (Ilya Ehrenburg, Vladimir Mayakovsky), or emigrated to it (Dmitry Filosofov). Their views and opinions stem not only from the differences of life experience, spiritual horizons, or ideological stance, but also from the degrees of familiarity with Polish reality and culture. The, initially superficial, outlooks and judgments of Ilya Ehrenburg were evolving as he was becoming more acquainted with Polish culture; conversely, Dmitry Filosofov’s perceptions of Poland relied on deep immersion into Polish literature, history and contemporary reality. At the same time, correlating Polish and Russian experiences, neither of them was free from wishful thinking: Ehrenburg would build an imaginary portrait of Russia as a country of happiness and justice, and Filosofov dreamt of the ‘third Russia’ that would follow the tradition of Pushkin and Tolstoy.
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