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Ikonograficzna koncepcja przestrzeni chrzcielnej w sztuce wczesnochrześcijańskiej. Studium w perspektywie domus ecclesiae w Dura-Europos, Syria

100%

Szajda M.

Studia Pelplińskie

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2022

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vol. 56

399-418

EN

The early Christian church discovered in 1920 in the Syrian territory of Dura-Europos is now the oldest meeting place of a community of followers of Christ known to us. By research of the archaeological discoveries conducted at the site, largely by the scientists from the Yale University, one finds cultural richness of the Christians in the first half of the third century. An analysis of the partially preserved frescoes filling the space of the baptistery at Dura-Europos serves as a testimony to faith and an element of characterisation of not only the of early Christian art, yet also of the richness of the spirituality of the first followers of Christ. Clearly distinguished in the domus ecclesiae, the rooms for community meetings, the teaching of catechumens and the baptistery, indicate the important process of the formation of the cultic and catechetical sphere during that period. When we analyse the iconography discovered in the baptistery, we gain an insight into the theological and philosophical foundations that underpinned the understanding of the Sacrament of baptism in the earliest period of the liturgical development in the early Christian Church.

PL

Odkryty w 1920 roku na terenie Syrii, w Dura-Europos, wczesnochrześcijański kościół jest obecnie najstarszym odnalezionym miejscem spotkań wspólnoty wyznawców Chrystusa. Poddając badaniom odkrycia archeologiczne prowadzone w tym miejscu, w znacznym stopniu przez naukowców z Yale Uniweristy, odnaleźć można bogactwo kulturowe chrześcijan w pierwszej połowie III wieku. Analiza częściowo zachowanych fresków, wypełniających przestrzeń baptysterium w Dura-Europos, staje się świadectwem wiary i elementem charakterystyki nie tylko sztuki wczesnochrześcijańskiej, ale nadto bogactwa duchowości pierwszych wyznawców Chrystusa. Wyraźnie wyodrębnione w domus ecclesiae pomieszczenia przeznaczone na spotkania wspólnoty, nauczania katechumenów oraz baptysterium, wskazują na istotny w tym okresie proces kształtowania się sfery kultycznej i katechetycznej. Analiza ikonografii odkrytej w baptysterium, umożliwia poznanie fundamentu teologicznego i filozoficznego, jaki znajdował się u podstaw rozumienia sakramentu chrztu w najwcześniejszym okresie formowania się liturgii Kościoła wczesnochrześcijańskiego.

2

Ἀργύριον δημόσιον καινόν? Überlegungen zu dem Fragment P. Dura 129 und zur Münzprägung unter Severus Alexander im Jahr 225/6 n. Chr.

71%

Muss M., Reinard P.

The Journal of Juristic Papyrology

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2016

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issue 46

21-45

EN

The paper offers an examination of the phrase ἀργύριον δημόσιον καινόν in P. Dura 129. Its main focus is a comparison of the term with numismatic evidence. After a short analysis of the document itself, different possibilities for the label ‘new’ are discussed. For this purpose new coin motifs, changes of the emperor’s portrait, unusual coin legends, political changes, and connections with unknown victories or even new coin types are investigated.

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Cult Prostitution and Passage Rites in the Biblical World

61%

Lipiński E.

The Biblical Annals

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 1

9-27

PL

Modern Bible translations often mention ‘cult prostitutes’, female or male, and relate them to a goddess called Asherah. Sacred prostitution is attested in the ancient Near East and in some Phoenician-Punic colonies in the West, but such cult practices are rarely distinguished in modern publications from passage rites with sexual connotations. Moreover, the biblical words qedēšāh and qādēš are related to cult prostitution, while biblical authors simply use them in the disparaging sense ‘harlot’ or ‘priestling’ without paying attention to scientifi c etymology. Besides, the alleged divine name Asherah of the Bible results from a misinterpretation of the Semitic common noun ‘shrine’, attested in Akkadian, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hebrew. It is confused in various publications with the theonyms Ashtoreth or Ashrath, as happens occasionally in the Syriac translation of Judges. The only passage of the Bible referring possibly to cult prostitution is 2 Kings 23:7, that refers to ‘women renting houses as a shrine’, but its text is often ‘corrected’ and mistranslated. These problems are also illustrated in the article by archaeological data.

4

Wierzchowce i sala tronowa Salomona oraz gwiazdozbiór Panny według Pieśni nad Pieśniami

61%

Lipiński E.

The Biblical Annals

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 1

87-101

EN

The Qumran fragments of the Song of Songs witness some versions of the poem which are older than the textus receptus. They also show that independent songs have been combined into one composition. Thus Cant. 3, 6-8, missing in 4QCantb, was a description of Solomon's guards on riding horses or camels, for mttw is the suffixed plural of the Arabic and Aramaic noun matiya, designating a riding animal. This passage has been joined to the following poem, starting in Cant. 3, 9 with a description of king's apadana, a colonnaded hall or palace. Its fi rst word, borrowed from Old Persian, has indeed been misspelled as 'prywn. Another poem, missing in 4QCanta, corresponds to Cant. 4, 8 - 5, 1. It is written entirely in Aramaic in 4QCantb and the Hebrew textus receptus still preserves traces of its original language. The Aramaic poem refers to the zodiacal constellation Virgo, called Kalla in Aramaic and requested to show the New Moon of Elul above the Lebanon range: 't mn lbnwn 'b'y, 'Let the sign enter from Lebanon'. The Song of Songs in its fi nal shape, characterized by its dramatic features and love lyrics, was accepted as Scripture because of its presumed Solomonic authorship, and it was highly valuated by Akiba, as its contents was appearing to him as a qds h-qdsym, a play word meaning 'the sanctification of betrothals'.

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Ikonograficzna koncepcja przestrzeni chrzcielnej w sztuce wczesnochrześcijańskiej. Studium w perspektywie domus ecclesiae w Dura-Europos, Syria

Ἀργύριον δημόσιον καινόν? Überlegungen zu dem Fragment P. Dura 129 und zur Münzprägung unter Severus Alexander im Jahr 225/6 n. Chr.

Cult Prostitution and Passage Rites in the Biblical World

Wierzchowce i sala tronowa Salomona oraz gwiazdozbiór Panny według Pieśni nad Pieśniami