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Coping with Religious Diversity in Everyday Life in the Borderlands of Western Europe: Catholics, Protestants and Jews in Vaals

100%

Richter T.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2017

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vol. 116

PL

After the re-Catholization of the Free Imperial City of Aachen (1611–16), Protestant congregations were forced to operate underground until the Reformed Church – openly supported by the Dutch States General – found a new place of refuge in the neighbouring Dutch village of Vaals. Ca. 1680, Vaals developed into a multiconfessional site of religious freedom where Roman Catholics, Germanand Frenchspeaking Reformed, Lutherans, and Mennonites lived peacefully side by side. With the exception of everyday controversies in the early decades, the preachers of different Protestant congregations worked together. Violence on religious grounds was not part of daily life in Vaals, although it did at times intrude from the outside. Examples of this were the violent attacks on Protestant churchgoers in the middle of the eighteenth century, which were carried out by lower-class Catholics from Aachen. The Catholic clergy, on the other hand, did not engage in hate sermons. Moreover, the presence of Jews did not cause problems in Vaals and the only documented action against Jewish property was not motivated by anti-Judaism. For the Protestants of this distinctly Catholic area, Vaals became an important place of refuge for the public exercise of their faith. The diverse congregations that worshipped in Vaals knew how to cope with each other’s presence in a peaceful manner during everyday life.

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De roman als wapen tegen Frankrijk: Sara Burgerhart van Wolff en Deken en de strijd tegen de ‘gallofilie’ / The Novel as a Weapon against France: Wolff’s and Deken’s Sara Burgerhart and the Struggle Against the ‘Francophilia’

100%

Urbaniak J.

Werkwinkel

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

89-101

EN

The so-called ‘moral reorientation’ (Dutch: ‘morele heroriëntatie’) was a large-scale Dutch project, aimed at an improvement of ethical standards of society in the 18th century. It was also a reaction to the decay of the Dutch Republic reflected in the literature at the end of the 18th century. Using magazines, drama’s and novels, authors provided example of a right behaviour and criticized all those phenomena, which led to a moral malaise in society. One of these phenomena was a boundless love for France, its culture, fashion, literature and philosophy. In literature it was presented as a grave danger for Dutch identity. The term ‘francophilia’ was invented. Also two Dutch female writers, Betje Wolff and Aagje Deken reacted on the dangerous symptoms of the ‘francophilia’ and warned against it in their novel Sara Burgerhart (1782). In my article I discuss some rhetorical devices, used by the authors to warn against the ‘francophilia.’ I analyse how they defined and further criticized this phenomenon.

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Emblematyczne śpiewniki? O pograniczu między muzyką a obrazem w siedemnastowiecznych niderlandzkich zbiorach emblematów

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Polkowski M.

Terminus

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2012

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vol. 14

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issue 25

243-261

EN

This article intends to trace the evolution of the Dutch songbooks and emblem books from the mid-16th century till the mid-17th century, with special emphasis on the period between 1600 and 1620, when a cross-over genre comprising both songs (or other lyrical genres) and emblems, made its appearance. If during the mid-to-late 16th century both the emblem genre and the songbook genre manifested itself within a separate, clearly distinct publishing tradition, then from the onset of the 17th century the northern Netherlands witnessed the emergence of a new type of publication: richly illustrated emblem books which contained songs and other types of lyrical poetry. In this article I first present a brief outline of the two genres (emblem books and vernacular songbooks), mentioning their main exponents, the functional features of the publications and the main aspects of their reception, until creation of a cross-over genre in Amsterdam around the year 1600. The innovative publishing concept of a dual songbook-emblem book pioneered by Amsterdam printers such as Dirck Pietersz Pers, was quickly adopted by other publishers, writers and editors. Books combining emblem imagery with songs became popular among young wealthy buyers among whom companionship went hand in hand with the enjoyment of various forms of oral literature. There were different functional approaches to the problem of combining emblemata with other genres, the most important of which are reviewed in this article. Some authors (e.g. Pieter Cornelisz Hooft) created a book comprising two symmetrical parts (emblems and songs or sonnets). Sometimes these parts were not symmetrical, but they nevertheless formed clearly distinct sections, for example in Roemer Visscher Sinnepoppen or Dirck Pietersz Pers Bellerophon. Other authors (e.g. Gerrit Hendrik van Breughel in Cupidos lusthof or Jan van der Veen in Zinne-beelden) placed the emblems at the beginning of each chapter of his book, where each of these chapters in itself comprised of a variety of lyrical genres, including songs. In this article the emblem genre is presented from the perspective of oral literature, pointing to the existence of a not yet entirely explored borderline area between emblems and song culture in the Northern Netherlands. Two examples of emblems from cross-over books of songs and emblemata analyzed in detail in this article are Gerrit Hendrik van Breughel emblem [18] from Cupidos lusthof (Den Pool,..), on standards of courtly behavior in the Commonwealth of Poland, and Jan van der Veen emblem [2] from Zinne-beelden (Trouwt vryicheyt aen vre…) which deals with questions of war and peace in relation to the identity of the Dutch Republic.

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Diplomats as Poets, Poets as Diplomats. Poetic Gifts and Literary Reflections on the Dutch Mediations between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century

86%

Hulsenboom P.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

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2019

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issue 3

EN

This article examines two Dutch diplomatic missions, in 1627–28 and 1635, by which the United Provinces intervened in a Polish-Swedish armed conflict in Prussia. The focus is on ‘diplomatic poetics’: the ways in which literature functioned within diplomatic practice, and how that practice (or the ‘diplomatic moment’) was in turn envisioned in literature. The Polish-Swedish conflict was of great interest to the United Provinces, and was elaborately discussed in various Dutch media, as well as in the correspondences of merchants and politicians. The Dutch embassies to Polish territories themselves, meanwhile, inspired a number of literary works, published mostly in the Republic, but also in for example Danzig and Königsberg. These sources demonstrate how early modern literary and diplomatic practices in Europe overlapped and influenced each other. Firstly, German, French and Dutch poems by Johannes Plavius, Simon van Beaumont and Joost van den Vondel illustrate the blurring of the lines between the realms of diplomacy and literature. Poems could function as diplomatic gifts, enabling both personal, intellectual communication and the widespread transmission of political messages. Moreover, Latin and German plays by Johannes Narssius and Simon Dach, and more importantly Latin poems by Simon van Beaumont and Caspar Barlaeus, as well as an illustrated Dutch account of the first mission by Abraham Booth, reveal that the Dutch envoys featured in literary narratives as both wise peace bringers and travelling poets, and their missions to Poland as both arduous ordeals and epic adventures. Much like poetic gifts, these literary reflections on ‘the diplomatic moment’ had public diplomatic agency, simultaneously voicing political opinions and crafting artistic images of the diplomats themselves.

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De Poolse Hercules. Romeyn de Hooghe en de Nederlandse receptie van Jan III Sobieski voorafgaand aan het Ontzet van Wenen

72%

Hulsenboom P.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 29

87-109

EN

This paper explores the Dutch perceptions of the Polish king John III Sobieski before his famous victory over the Turks at the 1683 Battle of Vienna. Sobieski’s military triumphs and rise to power in the 1670s elicited various favourable responses from the Dutch Republic, most notably several prints by the etcher and engraver Romeyn de Hooghe. His prints laid the foundation for Sobieski’s image as a great European and Christian military leader, but also a specifically Polish and Catholic hero. Sobieski’s war efforts and the image formed of him by De Hooghe cohered with the negative Dutch perceptions of the Turks, as well as with Poland-Lithuania’s reputation as a bulwark of Christendom. The countless glorifying prints, poems and other European responses to Sobieski after his victory at Vienna were in many cases inspired by the image of the Polish monarch created in the Northern Netherlands during the 1670s.

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De Zonnekoning en de Republiek. De uitbeelding van de Nederlanden in de Spiegelzaal van Versailles

72%

Nijenhuis-Bescher A.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 29

139-163

EN

Nowadays, Versailles is mainly a tourist attraction, which draws 8.1 million visitors per year (figure 2018, Versailles Annual Activity Report). However, it was built in the second half of the 17th century to serve as the centre of the French monarchy and exemplifies a symbolic vision of the ideal monarchy, according to Louis XIV. The Hall of Mirrors is the focal point of the political representation displaying the French wealth and power of the Grand Siècle. The Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) is the main subject of the historical decoration, painted by Charles Le Brun. The Dutch Republic is an essential part of the political theory depicted here, and serves as a counter-example to the idealised absolute monarchy embodied by the Sun King himself. Hence, the small Dutch Republic, then in its heyday, is a crucial partner to France in this elegant albeit conflictual pas de deux. The manner of portraying the Republic is significant for the understanding of the royal credo of Louis’s France, and emphasises the essential role of the Dutch Republic in 17th-century Europe.

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2 Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

1 Terminus

1 Werkwinkel

2 Hulsenboom P.

1 Nijenhuis-Bescher A.

1 Polkowski M.

1 Richter T.

1 Urbaniak J.

3 2019

1 2017

1 2015

1 2012

Coping with Religious Diversity in Everyday Life in the Borderlands of Western Europe: Catholics, Protestants and Jews in Vaals

De roman als wapen tegen Frankrijk: Sara Burgerhart van Wolff en Deken en de strijd tegen de ‘gallofilie’ / The Novel as a Weapon against France: Wolff’s and Deken’s Sara Burgerhart and the Struggle Against the ‘Francophilia’

Emblematyczne śpiewniki? O pograniczu między muzyką a obrazem w siedemnastowiecznych niderlandzkich zbiorach emblematów

Diplomats as Poets, Poets as Diplomats. Poetic Gifts and Literary Reflections on the Dutch Mediations between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century

De Poolse Hercules. Romeyn de Hooghe en de Nederlandse receptie van Jan III Sobieski voorafgaand aan het Ontzet van Wenen

De Zonnekoning en de Republiek. De uitbeelding van de Nederlanden in de Spiegelzaal van Versailles