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EN
In this article it is argued that the Dutch humanist Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert (1522–1590) consolidates his previous anti-dogmatic thoughts about religious tolerance in his imaginary Synod on the Freedom of Conscience (1582). In this pivotal and still relevant work, situated in a place called Freetown, leading West-European Calvinists, Roman-Catholics and biblical persons – including the sage Gamaliel, Coornhert’s alter ego – vividly discuss the absolute freedom of conscience, religion and press. Furthermore, this article argues why Coornhert’s use of the Dutch language makes the Synod still relevant today.
EN
With the Fall – or Reconquista if you will – of Antwerp in 1585, the Revolt in the Low Countries entered a period of stalemate that would eventually materialise into the separation of north and south. This article looks at a poetry manuscript by the Mechelen rhetorician Willem de Gortter, an avid sympathiser of the northern cause, who spent his entire life in the Catholic and Spanish south. Through his references to the multiple nationalities involved in a conflict that in essence gripped Europe for the better part of a century, this article aims to position his discourse on the shared past in the division of two separate “memory cultures” that are believed to have developed from the late 16th century onwards. It shows that despite his fierce disapproval of the Spanish actions during the Eighty Years’ War, and despite his agreement with the northern propagandistic discourse on the recent past, he did incorporate some of the less strident views that circulated in the south.
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