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1

THE HISTORY OF THE MEDIEVAL OPEN SETTLEMENT OF STARE MIASTO (CIVITAS ANTIQUA) AT KALISZ (GREATER POLAND) TRACKED BY ISOTOPE DATING METHODOLOGY (Dzieje wczesnosredniowiecznej osady na Starym Miescie (Civitas Antiqua) w Kaliszu (Wielkopolska) w swietle

100%
Baranowski T., Calderoni G., Martinez M. P.
Archeologia Polski
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2009
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vol. 54
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issue 1
67-92
EN
A comprehensive survey of the literature data and the critical re-examination of the excavation documentation dealing with the past archaelogical investigations provided further evidence that the foundation of the Middle Age Kalisz was mainly triggered by the economic, social and political impulses sparkling out from Zawodzie (Polish for 'behind the water') and Stare Miasto (Polish for 'Old Town'), two among the numerous Early Medieval settlements located in the area. Based on isotope dating as a tool for overcoming some uncertainties encountered by the archaeological analysis, this paper is addressed to discuss the actual temporal relationships between the occupation models recognized at Stare Miasto since the Early and Late Middle Age up to the times of the urbanization of Kalisz. In turn, the Zawodzie settlement, strictly interconnected to Stare Miasto and sharing an analogous concern for understanding the cultural evolution of the ancient settlers has been previously studied and the results were reported elsewhere. Among the several trenches opened at Stare Miasto those referred to as X and XII have been selected due to the abundant findings and the relatively undisturbed stratification displayed on the walls. The trenches, dug at the top of a partially eroded relief on the reach occupied by the burial ground of the settlement, revealed a rather complex stratigraphy. Therefore, as an attempt for overcoming the difficulty of interpretation and to establish at the best the chronostratigraphical sequence some organic materials were collected for radiocarbon dating. The five 14C samples (one from charcoal and two from human bones and wood fragments, respectively) bracketed two fairly distinct chronological intervals, 1165-1280 and 780-960 cal. A.D., respectively. Two out of the three youngest ages were yielded by well preserved bone samples which, because of such features, have been reasonably referred to the last burials prior to the erosion of the reach of the relief on which the cemetery was located. The third coeval sample, a wood fragment from the same trench, could be analogously assigned to a structure implemented shortly before the burial ground dismantling by erosion. On these bases it has been argued that a dry/warm climatic phase involving fluvial erosion could have affect the area during the second half of the 12th and most of the 13th c., just prior to the beginning of the world-wide climate deterioration of the Little Ice Age. Finally, the ages of a wood and a charcoal specimens originated from distinct stratigraphic units of trench X resulted exactly coincident and calibrated at 780-960 cal. A.D. These samples are of some concern in that they fit into the time-span previously assigned to the first development phase of the fortified Zawodzie settlement and therefore provide us with sound evidence about the co-existence, on a close but distinct relief, of the Stare Miasto open settlement since Early Middle Age. As a result, by coupling the archaeological evidence with isotope data conclusion is drawn that the stepwise transition from the pristine, unruly Stare Miasto open settlement towards a proto-urban organization to coordinate and carry out economic activities lasted some four centuries. Figs 3.
2
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„OLIVOVITÉ“ KORÁLIKY - TERMINOLOGICKÉ POZNÁMKY A MAKROSKOPICKÉ POZOROVANIA NÁLEZOV Z POHREBISKA V DOLNÝCH VĚSTONICIACH

88%
Staššíková-Štukovská D., Ungerman Š.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
39 - 57
EN
The article shows systematic and non-systematic nomenclature classification on examples of origin and usage of the name “olive shaped” beads which were in the early medieval age spread across the central Europe. Detailed description of the types of glass beads, which are in the abstract named „olive-shaped smooth“, and “olive shaped lengthwise latticed”. General description of shape, dimensions, glass, glass faults, marks (traces) of technical operations, manufacturing technology and ornaments which were done based on the macroscopic analysis on 227 pieces of olive shaped beads from cemetery in Dolní Věstonice.
3

BURIAL SITES IN ZÁHORIE (MIDDLE AND LOWER MORAVA REGION) IN ROMAN TIMES AND IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. CONSIDERING THE CAUSES OF FORMAL AND SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF THE BURIAL RITE – ETHNICITY, RELIGION OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT?

75%
Hladik M., Hladiková K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
191 – 200
EN
In this paper, the authors are considering the causes of changes in the burial rite in the middle and lower Morava River region in the first millennium AD. Their considerations are based on the fact that the settlement activities of several ´ethnic´ groups are documented in the studied area during the first millennium AD. The authors discuss important phenomena associated with the burial rite of Germans and Slavs, such as the change from cremation to inhumation, coexistence or continuity of these rites or continuity or discontinuity of burial sites during the first millennium AD in Záhorie. The authors conclude that the primary determinant of changes in the burial rite was ethnicity, but in synergy with religion and socio-economic development.
4

HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY Z PROSIEKA A VYŠNÉHO KUBÍNA. POZNÁMKY K VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉMU OSÍDLENIU LIPTOVA A ORAVY

75%
Pieta K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
261 – 279
EN
The contribution presents new Early Medieval finds from hill fort Prosiek-Hrádok (district of Liptovský Mikuláš) on the ancient trail connecting the regions Liptov and Orava and leading further to north. This strategical area was used also in the Late Bronze Age as well as at the end of Middle La Tène (Púchov culture). In 2007 inside the fortification uncovered hoard contained besides other artefacts parts of harness (spurs, stirrup) and armament (winged lance). According to this hoard as well as the types of earrings found in Prosiek and Liptovská Mara came to the colonisation of Liptov not before the (second) half of 9th cent. However, the attention is also paid to new finds from the hill fort Ostrá skala near Vyšný Kubín in Lower Orava valley well-known from the excavation in 70–80-ties. Several single early medieval artefacts and a scrap hoard were discovered by detector hunting in 1987. The found plain nomadic arrow heads from both sites belong to the end of 9th and to the 10th cent. The Early Medieval settlement of both North Slovak regions despite some new finds and two hoards of iron tools stay limited on a few sites.
5
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K TECHNIKÁM SPÁJANIA DVOJ- A TROJFAREBNÝCH SKIEL V 7.-10. STOROČÍ. PODĽA NÁLEZOV KORÁLIKOV Z ÚZEMIA SLOVENSKA A MORAVY

75%
Staššíková-Štukovská D.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
201 - 208
EN
The topic of this article is basic sealing technologies of coloured glasses that were used as decorations of early medieval beads found in Slovakia and Moravia. Winding of coloured fibres around beads or application of coloured points were the most frequent ways of ornamentation. Usage of coloured cords for beads decoration is presupposed to be a new technology. It appears on so-called melon-seed glass beads („Melonenkernperlen“) from the 7th - 8th centuries as well as on olive-shaped beads dated to the 9th - 10th centuries. Intermeshing of glasses of different quality with using of a metal foil is a special way of glass sealing that was used first of all for decoration of transversely segmented beads. The glass-granulation decorated bead from Prša is a rare evidence of both the glassworker’s mastery and unusual glass sealing technology.
6
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SÍDLISKO Z OBDOBIA AVARSKÉHO KAGANÁTU Z HURBANOVA-BOHATEJ

63%
Bisták P., Borzová Z., Daňo R.
Študijné zvesti
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2013
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issue 54
111 - 127
EN
Twelve archaeological features were uncovered during the archaeological excavation, which took place on the route of the canalization construction in the location Veľký Šárad, in 2005. Six features and the Early Medieval cultural layer were situated in the southern part of the canalization construction. The mildly embedded features, numbers 04/05 and 05/05, were of rectangular layout and of the earth-and-timber construction. These features are archaeologically interpreted as most probably pit houses. In the pit houses, primarily objects of everyday use were found. The pottery characteristic for 8th century AD predominates among movable archaeological finds. The iron slag fragments represent local metallurgical production of iron. The investigated archaeological features, together with previously excavated settlement features uncovered in the locations Medzi cestami and Pri vinárni, presumably originally formed the same settlement site.
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