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Początki ciałopalenia na obszarze Europy

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Gil-Drozd A.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2010

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vol. 5

9-94

EN

The issue of the origin of cremation is a very interesting and complex problem. The primary question is, why did people begin burning their dead, but also where and when did the first cremation burials appear? This article discusses the state of research into the causes of the emergence of cremation and shows the finds of the oldest known cremation burials in Europe. The source material presented demonstrates that the oldest, irregular forms of cremation rites occurred as early as in the Mesolithic, both in North-West and Southern Europe. In the Early Neolithic period, we can observe the evolution and stabilisation of the cremation funerary rite, which is visible in biritual cemeteries in the area of West and Central Europe. This situation leads to the conclusion that the tradition of cremation was developing independently in two distinct parts of the continent – in the north-west as well as in the south, and that cremation burials are not merely an exception in the Neolithic funerary rite.

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THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT FROM BRUNN WOLFHOLZ IN LOWER AUSTRIA AND THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LOW BOWLS WITH SHARPLY CURVED WALl

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Stadler P., Kotova N.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 2

107-228

EN

This article is devoted to an analysis of low bowls with sharply curved wall, which are interpreted as one of the oldest type of vessels of the Linear Pottery culture. These bowls are numerous in a collection of the Brunn 2 settlement located near Vienna in Lower Austria. The typology of this group of low bowls is offered on the base of Brunn 2 materials together with low bowls of the Early Neolithic sites of the Danube region and old Linear Pottery culture. The authors can define five types of low bowls with sharply curved wall. Four of them appeared during the Early Neolithic in the Danube region and became numerous during the formative phase of the Linear Pottery culture. All types were concentrated at the sites of the oldest Linear Pottery culture in Hungary and Austria, from where during the Bina-Bicske phase the tradition of making these bowls spread up the Morava River and its tributaries to Moravia. Later during the Milanovce phase of this culture this tradition penetrated along the Danube River to the South of Germany and then it diffused along the left tributaries of the Danube to the right tributaries of the Rhine. In that time these bowls appeared at the old Linear Pottery sites of the river head of Elbe and in the Oder basin too.

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VRÁBLE-VEĽKÉ LEHEMBY: EINE SIEDLUNGSGRUPPE DER LINEARKERAMIK IN DER SÜDWESTSLOWAKEI. VORBERICHT ÜBER DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER JAHRE 2010 UND 2012 UND DEUTUNGSANSÄTZE

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Furholt M., Bátora J., Cheben I., Kroll H., Rassmann K., Tóth P.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 2

227 – 266

EN

The early Neolithic settlements at Vráble-Veľké Lehemby were discovered in 2009 and surveyed in the years 2010 and 2012. Three extraordinarily large settlements are located directly beside each other in an area of more than 50 ha. Through geomagnetic investigations a minimum number of 316 houses and an enclosure could be identified. In 2012, the first systematic surveys, sediment cores and small-scale excavations were carried out on one of the settlements and showed preservation conditions that hold great potential for the study of palaeoeconomy, material culture and patterns of local and regional social interactions. Botanical and zoological data have been preliminarily investigated and are presented here, as is the ceramic material from surveys and excavations. The latter enables us to date the site to the late Linear Pottery culture and Želiezovce group. The enclosure consists of two parallel ditches with six gaps indicating entrances. The excavation of the outer ditch revealed a complex history of fills and at least one re-cutting incident. A preliminary interpretation of the inner ditch as the remnants of a palisade could not be verified. The excavation of house 39 within the enclosure revealed a single-phase post-built house of the late Linear Pottery culture. The two parallel long-pits along its side showed different re-filling processes and larger events of refuse deposition. The excavations confirmed the interpretation of the magnetometer plan, thereby qualifying the geomagnetic data, which enables us to use the geomagnetic plan as a basis for models of intra-site chronological developments. Different variants of possible organisational principles discussed within the Linear Pottery research community are presented. These are dependent on the validity of different possible chronological models for the development within and between the three sites in Vráble. These models have to be tested by further excavations in order to identify the structures of internal settlement organisation, which have far-reaching connotations for our understanding of early Neolithic societies in southern Central Europe.

Refine search results

2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

1 Bátora J.

1 Cheben I.

1 Furholt M.

1 Gil-Drozd A.

1 Kotova N.

1 Kroll H.

1 Rassmann K.

1 Stadler P.

1 Tóth P.

1 2014

2 2010

Początki ciałopalenia na obszarze Europy

THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT FROM BRUNN WOLFHOLZ IN LOWER AUSTRIA AND THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LOW BOWLS WITH SHARPLY CURVED WALl

VRÁBLE-VEĽKÉ LEHEMBY: EINE SIEDLUNGSGRUPPE DER LINEARKERAMIK IN DER SÜDWESTSLOWAKEI. VORBERICHT ÜBER DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER JAHRE 2010 UND 2012 UND DEUTUNGSANSÄTZE