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European Information Association (EIA) - the association for European Union information specialists

100%
Karoliny E.
Tudomanyos es Muszaki Tajekoztatas ( Scientific and Technical Information; Hungarian journal of library and information science)
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2004
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vol. 51
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issue 9
385-388
EN
The European Information Association (EIA) held its 13th annual conference in April 2004. The EIA, the historic roots of which are dating back to the 1980's, was established in 1990 for the purpose of co-ordinating and improving the provision of European Union and related information services.The EIA provides the possibility for exchange of experience and good practices, represents the interests of information specialists to EU institutions and holds a number of specialised training courses. The main topic of the annual conference was the challenge faced by all EU information specialists in 2004: the enlargement of the Union and the possibility of a new Constitutional Treaty that bring about a fundamental change in European integration. The lectures and workshops of the conference dealt with different aspects of this change: the lectures presented the point of view of 'new' and 'old' Member States and two EU institutions, while the workshops tried to assist the participants in answering the information challenges
2
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Environmental Impact Assessment in Investment Disputes: Method, Governance and Jurisprudence

80%
Vadi V.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2010
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vol. 30
170-204
EN
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an instrument of environmental governance that ensures that the environmental implications of decisions are taken into account before the decisions are made. As such, environmental impact assessment constitutes the legal response to risk management needs and an integral component of sound decision making. However, a series of recent investment treaty claims have questioned the methodology, i.e. the way of conducting EIA. This article critically assesses this recent jurisprudence, and questions whether, instead of representing a cause for dispute, EIA can constitute an effective dispute prevention mechanism. If so, this article shall investigate the way this integration can take place, with reference to the World Bank's practice.
3

TWO WEAK POINTS OF THE ENHANCED INDISPENSABILITY ARGUMENT – DOMAIN OF THE ARGUMENT AND DEFINITION OF INDISPENSABILITY

70%
Drekalović V.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 3
280 - 298
EN
The contemporary Platonists in the philosophy of mathematics argue that mathematical objects exist. One of the arguments by which they support this standpoint is the so-called Enhanced Indispensability Argument (EIA). This paper aims at pointing out the difficulties inherent to the EIA. The first is contained in the vague formulation of the Argument, which is the reason why not even an approximate scope of the set objects whose existence is stated by the Argument can be established. The second problem is reflected in the vagueness of the very term indispensability, which is essential to the Argument. The paper will remind of a recent definition of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical object, reveal its deficiency and propose an improvement of this definition. Following this, we will deal with one of the consequences of the arbitrary employment of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical theory. We will propose a definition of this concept as well, in accordance with the common intuition about it. Eventually, on the basis of these two definitions, the paper will describe the relation between these two concepts, in the attempt to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the EIA.
4
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National Treatment Rules in EU Regional Trade Agreements

61%
Słok-Wódkowska M.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2014
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vol. 34
225-248
EN
Most favoured nation (MFN) treatment and national treatment (NT) are two standards usually related to the general principle of non-discrimination. However, while the MFN treatment was undoubtedly and clearly defined already during the negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in previous works and judgements of various international bodies, the NT standard needed to be clarified. An additional reason to concentrate on NT rules is that their content and scope may influence trade more than the scope of MFN granted. The concept of NT is also subject to relatively rare analysis in comparison with other aspects of regional trade agreements’ (RTA) rules which overlap with WTO law. The aim of this article is to analyse the scope and wording of the NT standard in various RTAs concluded by the European Union. In particular, it inquiries into the extent to which the NT clause remains universal across its different regional trade agreements, and examines the reasons (and consequences) for the differences, if any, in its formulation.
5
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The Environmental Impact Assessment and military conflicts – an outline of the problem area

61%
Urban S.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2023
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vol. 21
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issue 2
211-222
PL
Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko (OOŚ) jest prawnym proceduralnym narzędziem, które pozwala zidentyfikować, przewidzieć, ocenić i zapobiec lub złagodzić wpływ planowanego przedsięwzięcia na środowisko. Nieodłącznym elementem tego procesu jest udział społeczeństwa, który zawsze powinien być zagwarantowany. OOŚ jest regulowana przez wewnętrzne prawo ochrony środowiska poszczególnych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej, ale niebagatelny wpływ na te regulacje wywiera unijna dyrektywa OOŚ (dyrektywa 2011/92/UE tekst ujednolicony) oraz konwencje międzynarodowe, zwłaszcza Konwencja ESPOO. Przepisy unijne oraz traktaty międzynarodowe regulujące kluczowe aspekty OOŚ nie precyzują, czy konflikty zbrojne wpływają na procedury OOŚ, a jeśli tak – to w jaki sposób, w szczególności czy w takich wyjątkowych okolicznościach procedura OOŚ jest nadal wymagana czy też może zostać odroczona do czasu ustania konfliktu lub nawet pominięta. Z tego powodu bardzo ważne było ustalenie, czy obowiązki związane z OOŚ określone w prawie unijnym i międzynarodowym ulegają zawieszeniu, czy też należy je realizować również podczas konfliktów zbrojnych. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w ww. aktach prawnych nie ma przepisów, które wprost regulowałyby wpływ konfliktów zbrojnych na obowiązki związane z procedurami OOŚ. Ponadto, aktualne orzecznictwo i doktryna nie dają jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na temat zakresu stosowania międzynarodowego prawa ochrony środowiska podczas konfliktu zbrojnego. Często tłumaczy się to tym, że prawo ochrony środowiska nie jest jeszcze w pełni ukształtowane w tym zakresie i że brak jest jednolitego, powszechnie podzielanego poglądu na temat tego, w jaki sposób odnosi się ono do międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego. Na podstawie wyników badań zaproponowano wnioski, które odnoszą się do zagadnienia stosowania OOŚ podczas konfliktów zbrojnych oraz sugestię uzupełnienia omawianych regulacji prawnych. W niniejszym artykule omówione zostaną najważniejsze wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na ten ważny i bardzo aktualny temat.
EN
The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a legal, procedural tool that allows identifying, predicting, evaluating and preventing or mitigating the impacts of a planned project on the environment. An inherent element of this process is public participation that shall be assured at all times. An EIA is regulated by domestic environmental laws of a given country, but an imminent influence on these regulations is exerted by EU EIA Directive (Directive 2011/92/EU text codified) and international conventions, especially the ESPOO Convention. EU legislation and international EIA-focused treaties do not determine whether armed conflicts affect the EIA procedures and, if the answer is positive, in what way, especially whether the EIA procedure remains required under these exceptional circumstances or it may be postponed until cessation of the conflict or even omitted. For this reason, it was of high importance to determine whether the EIA-related obligations set by EU and international statute (conventional) laws are suspended or remain valid and in force during armed conflicts. The research revealed that the above-mentioned acts do not have provisions that explicitly regulate the effect of armed conflicts on the obligations relating to the EIA procedures. Furthermore, current jurisprudence and doctrine do not provide a clear answer as regards the scope of application of international environmental law during an armed conflict. It is often explained by the fact that environmental law is not yet fully formed in that respect and it is still not commonly agreed how it relates to international humanitarian law. Based on findings of the research, some conclusions are proposed that aim to provide advice on the application of EIA during armed conflicts and suggestions to complement relevant legal regulations. This article will discuss the main results of the study conducted on this important and very up-to-date subject.
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