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1

LATE-GOTHIC STOVE TILES FROM THE OLD TOWN IN ELBLAG (Zespol poznogotyckich kafli ze Starego Miasta w Elblagu)

100%
Marcinkowski M.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3-4
379-386
EN
In 2005 in the Old Town of Elblag (Elbing) a number of fragments of stove tiles were found on the building plot at 9 Bednarska Street. The tiles were dated to the 15th c; the dating was based on the fragments of clay vessels, both local and imported. The pieces come from at least four finial tiles decorated with openwork tracery topped with wimpergs. The ornament has the form of a late-Gothic twin-lancet window with the motif of quatrefoil above. The finials of the tiles have an attachment shaped as a woman's head with distinct features and hairstyle. One of the tiles has a slightly different tracery ornament - some traces on its base suggest that the tracery might have had the form of a late-Gothic single-lancet window with a quatrefoil placed centrally over it. There is also a fragment of a filling tile; its ornamental border is identical with the wimpergs of the finial tiles and it has a six-pointed star in the corner.
2

MATERIAL CULTURE IN TESTAMENTS FROM ELBLAG FROM THE 15TH - EARLY 16TH CENTURY (Kultura materialna w testamentach elblaskich z XV - poczatku XVI w.)

80%
Kubicki R.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
197-210
EN
Studying the material culture of burghers in the late Middle Ages on the basis of testaments allows for certain generalizations due to the relatively homogenous format of the documents. The article is based on the analysis of 145 last wills of the inhabitants of Elblag from the years 1409-1515. Best represented among the testators are merchants, members of the ruling elite (town councillors, mayors and their relatives), ship-owners and skippers. There are fewer surviving testaments of the much larger groups of city dwellers, such as tradesmen and stallholders; artisans, however, are quite well represented. In many cases the testator's social position could not be identified; many of those, judging from the possessions described in their last wills, were merchants, tradesmen or artisans. The records preserved usually concern the richest burghers, who owned the greatest share of valuable objects; therefore, it is the material culture of the urban elite that can be most fully reconstructed. Among the objects that manifested the prestige and the social status of the owner we should mention golden and silver ornaments and pearls. Last wills clearly indicate a correlation between the global value of the property and the proportions between its parts allocated to consumption, accumulation and deposits. As to movables, a special status was assigned to the dispositions concerning the right to inherit the armour, weapons and fighting gear. Other status indicators were clothes, often mentioned in testaments (coats, caftans, doublets). Most testaments included dispositions concerning domestic appliances, which were covered by the general formula of 'other movables' or listed in detail. Items listed as domestic appliances were usually covers, carpets, beds and bedlinen, pieces of furniture, especially benches and tables. Affluent burghers used silverware (goblets, bowls, spoons). Another element of the material culture which sheds light on the life of burghers in that period was the arrangement of their workshops. As a separate entry last wills included charitable bequests concerning the purchase of shoes and clothes for the poor. Testaments are mainly helpful in establishing the evaluation and disposition of material possessions, while precise data on the objects themselves can be gained from archaeological excavations.
3

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE OLD TOWN OF ELBLAG AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 15TH C. (Wykorzystanie energii w Starym Miescie Elblagu na poczatku XV w.)

80%
Czaja R.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
361-366
EN
The issues of energy demand and anthropogenic environmental change have not interested historians of Prussian towns as yet. One of the reasons for that is undoubtedly the scarcity of sources that would allow for a well-grounded analysis of the energy balance of particular towns. The purpose to the article is highlight the research value of the account book of the Old Town of Elblag from the years 1404-1414, which specifies in detail the expenses and revenues of the town council and its various offices. The author demonstrates that the source can be used to estimate energy consumption in the municipal trading and industrial establishments as well as the role of wood in the town's energy supply. The analysis concerned the number and location of local mills and the energy demand of local brickyards. The available data are not sufficient to estimate the consumption of fuel in households or in industrial facilities (brickyards, lime kilns, tar kilns). The data from the account book indicate that facilities of the latter kind were located not only in public buildings (the town hall, the cloth hall, the school, the town clerk's house) but also in sheds all over the town. The accounts preserved are not a sufficient basis to calculate the amount of wood and coal used to heat particular dwelling houses. It is known that at the beginning of the 15th c. the Old Town of Elblag had 362 houses and 289 sheds; there were also 483 sheds in the suburbs. The New Town of Elblag had 239 dwelling houses. The only indication in that respect is the systematic record of the yearly amount of coal and wood used to heat the town hall.
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