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Dopady dvoukolového většinového systému na reprezentaci stran v českém Senátu

100%
Lebeda T.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2011
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vol. 47
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issue 2
243-272
EN
The objective of this article is to describe the impact of the majority runoff system on the electoral process and especially on party representation in elections to the Czech Senate. The article addresses the following questions: How are individual political parties represented? How much are electoral decisions influenced by the political party and how much by who the individual candidate is? What is the difference in the success rate of individual parties in the first and runoff election rounds? Which parties benefited from this electoral system and which are disadvantaged by it? Does the majority runoff system have a curbing effect on the representation of extremist parties? How does the personality of the candidate contribute to an election outcome? The article analyses the results of seven Senate elections between 1996 and 2008. The data file for the analysis includes all the candidates who ran for the Senate during this period (a total of 1685 candidates). The results of the analysis are contrasted with existing theoretical assumptions about the impact of the majority runoff system and in particular Duverger’s laws.
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HODNOTOVÁ ZMENA V ZÁZEMÍ BRATISLAVY AKO DÔSLEDOK SUBURBÁNNEHO ROZVOJA: ANALÝZA VOLEBNÉHO SPRÁVANIA

88%
Šuška P., Šveda M., Krivý V.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2018
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vol. 50
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issue 5
609 – 631
EN
Urban and rural environments are often perceived as different social worlds with their own economic, social and cultural relations. One of the encounters of such worlds would then be a suburbanization process that turns the countryside into the hinterland of our cities. In this paper, we will focus on changes in the political behaviour of the population in connection with this process, in which not only the physical environment of the conurbations is transformed, but also the social and cultural characteristics of the local population significantly change. Using the data from the elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic in the years 1998 – 2016, we will mainly monitor changes in support of the urban parties, which to a certain extent reflect the changing social structure in this area. Although the paper deals with only one specific aspect of suburbanization, we believe that understanding and interpreting changes in electoral behaviour is part of the mosaic of complex social and cultural transformation of the urban hinterland.
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Głosowanie jako nawyk w nowych demokracjach - przykład Polski

75%
Cześnik M., Żerkowska-Balas M.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
|
issue 2(201)
109-122
PL
Wśród licznych teorii, mających wyjaśnić, dlaczego jedni ludzie głosują, a inni nie, jedna staje się coraz bardziej popularna. Jest to teoria mówiąca, że głosowanie jest nawykiem. Analizy empiryczne potwierdzające tę teorię dotyczą jednak wyłącznie zachodnich demokracji, można więc zadać pytanie: czy ta prawidłowość jest uniwersalna? W przypadku stabilnych demokracji głosowanie jest nawykiem wykształcanym stopniowo w procesie zaczynającym się w chwili, gdy obywatel może oddać głos po raz pierwszy. W nowych demokracjach sytuacja jest inna, jako że możemy wskazać moment początkowy (pierwsze demokratyczne wybory), który jest wspólny dla różnych wyborców i różnych kohort wiekowych. W tym artykule analizujemy głosowanie jako nawyk w nowych demokracjach, wykorzystując dane Polskiego Generalnego Studium Wyborczego. Stwierdzamy, że głosowanie w Polsce ma nawykowy aspekt: powtarzalność przyczynia się do powstania pewnego rodzaju nawyku, który ma nieredukowalny wpływ na uczestnictwo wyborcze. Stwierdzamy też, że nawyk głosowania wykształca się jednakowo we wszystkich kohortach wiekowych.
EN
Among the wide range of theories explaining why some people vote and others do not, one is recently gaining particular popularity. This is the theory of voting as a habit. The empirical evidence supporting this theory covers only Western democracies, so the following question might be asked: is this pattern universal? In case of old democracies, voting is a habit acquired gradually in a process which starts at the moment of the very first election in which one can cast the ballot. In new democracies the situation is different, as we can pinpoint the starting moment (first democratic election), which is the same for different voters and thus different age cohorts. In this paper we investigate voting as a habit in new democracies, using data from the Polish National Election Study. We find that voting in Poland has some habitual aspect; repeated voting brings about a (sort of) habit, which has an intrinsic, irreducible effect on voter turnout. We also find that habit of voting is formed likewise in all age cohorts.
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